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David Tuggy
Āmatlapohualistli
de Don Lázaro Cárdenas
Āmatlapohualistli
de Don Lázaro Cárdenas
A written account concerning Lázaro Cárdenas
by
Martín N. Méndez Huaxcuatitla
This text was written in the Mösiehuali
(Tetelcingo Nahuatl - nhg)
language, about the year 1976 or 1977. It tells of General
Lázaro Cárdenas, President of México from
1934-1940, and of the relationship between him and the town of
Tetelcingo, and particularly the author, Ru
Marti (as he was known in Mösiehuali)
loved to tell this story, and at the urging of Richard S. Pittman
he typed up the original of this document. One can almost hear the
gusto with which he used to pronounce such resounding phrases as
“ca iorden del Señor Presidente Don Lázaro
Cárdenas” ‘by order of the lord President
Sir Lázaro Cárdenas.’ (090).
This account is of considerable historical value because of the
authentic view it gives, from an indigenous perspective, of one of the
greatest figures of Mexican history; and also because of its
description of the beginning of the friendship
between Cárdenas and William Cameron
Townsend, which was of such importance to the beginnings of
the Summer Institute of Linguistics.*
Among the noteworthy characteristics of this text are two worth giving
special mention: (1) The frequency and ease with which Ru Marti switches from
Mösiehuali to Spanish and back. Even in the
1970’s this was quite typical for Mösiehuali
speakers, because of the high incidence of bilingualism in the
population. (2) Ru Marti’s
rhetorical ability, which was a unique and individual gift of his own.
The story of the dog and the tortillas,
for example, is no mere clumsy digression. It is at once an interesting
personal anecdote; an exercise in self-deprecating humor, fitting in
with such humorous and self-deprecating touches as the pictures of
himself as a rich man stripped bare (sentences 145-146) or as a
squatter (163-164); an extended metaphor or parable (an
“example”, Ru Marti
calls it in (160)) of the difficulties one can undergo even when it has
seemed that one's problems were taken care of; a skillful way to allude
to his present difficulties without sounding like a complainer; and a
lead-in for the expression of his hope that, despite the impermanent
nature of their effects in this life, the excellencies of
Cárdenas (and of other worthy people such as the author
himself) will be recognized in the world to come.
The following divisions of the text will help the reader to locate the
different kinds of material that Ru
Marti included in his account.
Lázaro Cárdenas del Río
President of México 1934-1940
Prologue: An appreciation of Lázaro
Cárdenas
001 |
Amo |
nochi |
tlachihualistli |
de |
Don |
Lázaro |
nicpohuas, |
pero |
not |
all |
deed |
of |
sir |
Lazarus |
I.will.recount.it |
but |
|
nicnequi |
nitlaānas |
desde |
cuac |
otlajtojcātic |
Carrānza. |
I.want.it |
I.will.take.stuff.up |
from |
when |
he.governed |
Carranza |
I
won't tell about everything President Cárdenas did, but I'd
like to start from the administration of Carranza. |
002 |
Desde |
ipa |
inu |
tiempo, |
nionāqui |
de |
tlātlajtohuanime |
de |
from |
in.it |
that |
time |
nobody |
of |
governing.ones |
of |
|
nochi |
Miexijco |
oquitlajpalo |
sente |
pueblo |
para |
quijtas |
tli |
all |
Mexico |
he.visited |
one |
village |
for |
he.will.see.it |
what |
|
necesidades |
quipiya. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
needs |
it.has.it |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since
back in that time, none of the national rulers of Mexico ever visited a
village to find out what its needs were.[1] |
003 |
Tlā |
quijtus |
quitlajpalohua |
sente |
estado, |
quimāmajqui |
miac |
escolta |
if |
he.will.say.it |
he.visits.it |
one |
state |
they.bore.him |
much |
escort |
|
para |
quixutisqui. |
for |
they.will.watch.over.him |
If
one of them visited a state, a large escort would go with him to
protect him. |
004 |
¿Tli |
ipampa |
oquimāmajqui |
miyac |
escolta? |
what |
on.account.of.it |
they.bore.him |
much |
escort |
¿Why
would they go with a large escort? |
005 |
Por |
que |
amo |
oquipijpiyaya |
confiānza |
ca |
pueblos. |
for |
that |
not |
they.had.it |
confidence |
with |
villages. |
Because
they mistrusted the people in the villages. |
006 |
Pero |
Cárdenas |
amo |
oquipix |
desconfiānza |
ca |
pueblos. |
but |
Cárdenas |
not |
he.had.it |
distrust |
with |
villages |
But
Cárdenas did not mistrust the village people. |
007 |
Omāsu |
para |
nochi |
pueblos |
humildes |
quieme |
Tetelcingo. |
he.stretched.his.hand/arm.out |
for |
all |
villages |
humble |
like |
Tetelcingo |
He
opened his arms to humble villages like Tetelcingo. |
008 |
Tetelcingo |
oquipix |
inu |
privilegio. |
Tetelcingo |
it.had.it |
that |
privilege |
Tetelcingo
had that great privilege [of having Cárdenas visit there]. |
009 |
Cuac |
Cárdenas |
quintlajpalojtinemia |
pueblos, |
amo |
oquipiyaya |
necesidad |
para |
when |
Cárdenas |
he.was.going.around.visiting.them |
villages |
not |
he.had.it |
necessity |
for |
|
quinbicatinemis |
soltārojte |
quiemi |
ocsequi |
tlātlajtoānime |
quichihuaya. |
he.will.go.around.taking.them |
soldiers |
like |
others |
governing.ones |
they.were.doing.it |
When
Cárdenas went around visiting the villages, he didn't need to
take a bunch of soldiers around with him, the way the other rulers did. |
010 |
Cárdenas |
oquimprubejijtac |
tli |
porubejte. |
Cárdenas |
he.saw.them.poor |
that |
poor.ones |
Cárdenas
had compassion on the poor. |
011 |
Cárdenas |
amo |
sa |
mochijchicuatlasojtlac. |
Cárdenas |
not |
only |
he.crookedly.loved.himself |
Cárdenas'
love was not self-centered, but was sincere. |
012 |
Cárdenas |
oquitlapo |
iyulo |
para |
nochi |
itlācaicnihua |
tli |
chāntijticate |
Cárdenas |
he.opened.it |
his.heart |
for |
all |
his.brother.men |
that |
they.are.dwelling |
|
ipa |
ini |
nānca |
āltepietl |
de |
Miexijco. |
in.it |
this |
here |
country |
of |
Mexico |
Cárdenas
opened his heart to all his fellow-men who live in this country of
Mexico. |
013 |
Cárdenas, |
por |
cuali |
iyulo |
nochi |
quiejquich |
caltientlāca |
oquipixqui |
Cárdenas |
for |
good |
his.heart |
all |
how.many |
farmers |
they.had.him |
|
quienami |
sente |
teocuitlatl. |
like |
one |
treasure |
Because
of his good heart, all the country folk considered Cárdenas to
be a treasure. |
Cárdenas quintlasojtlaya
caltientlāca hua yejua oquipixqui quienami sente teocuitlatl
Cárdenas loved the country folk and they
considered him to be a treasure
To the index
The expropriation of the oil industry and the friendship between Cárdenas and Townsend
014 |
Cárdenas |
oquichi |
miyac |
obras |
ipa |
nochi |
ininānca |
āltepietl |
Cárdenas |
he.did.it |
many |
works |
in.it |
all |
this.here |
country |
|
de |
Miexijco. |
of |
Mexico |
Cárdenas
did many good things all over the Republic of Mexico. |
015 |
Cuac |
tlajtohuanijtic |
tocni |
Cárdenas |
nochi |
inu |
campos |
petroleros |
when |
he.governed |
our.brother |
Cárdenas |
all |
those |
fields |
petroleum.producing |
|
de |
ini |
nānca |
āltepietl, |
omohuaxcatijqui |
compañías |
extranjeras. |
of |
this |
here |
country |
they.took.possession |
companies |
foreign |
When
our brother Cárdenas became president, foreign companies had
taken over all the oil fields of the country. |
016 |
Pero |
cuac |
otlajtojcātic |
totlajtojcā |
Cárdenas, |
yaja |
omocuajpitso |
para |
but |
when |
he.became.leader |
our.leader |
Cárdenas |
he |
he.became.tough |
for |
|
ocsajpa |
ini |
nānca |
toāltepie |
oquireconociero, |
noso |
omohuaxcati. |
again |
this |
here |
our.country |
he.acknowledged.it |
or |
he.took.possession |
But
once Cárdenas was in power, he acted strongly bring
recognition to the nation once again; he laid claim [to the oil
industry]. |
017 |
Compañías |
extranjeras |
ocuajcualānqui |
contra |
Cárdenas. |
companies |
foreign |
they.got.angry |
against |
Cárdenas |
The
foreign companies became angry with Cárdenas. |
018 |
Pero |
ipa |
inu |
tiempo, |
Don |
Guillermo |
C. |
Townsend |
but |
in.it |
that |
tiempo, |
sir |
William |
C. |
Townsend |
|
|
oquijcuilojqui |
miyactie |
librojte |
ca |
inglés, |
cāni |
tlajtlajtulohuaya |
|
he.H.wrote.it |
many |
books |
in.it |
English |
where |
he.H.was.speaking |
|
a |
favor |
de |
toāltepie, |
hua |
de |
Cárdenas, |
at |
favor |
of |
our.country |
and |
of |
Cárdenas |
|
hua |
de |
tli |
justicia |
hua |
deriecho |
quināmiquiya |
toāltepie. |
and |
of |
what |
justice |
and |
right |
it.met.it |
our.country |
But
in that time, Mr. William C(ameron) Townsend wrote many books and
articles in English, in which he defended our country and
Cárdenas, and spoke in favor of the rights and justice due to
our country.[2] |
019 |
Don |
Guillermo |
obilohuac |
ca |
Estados |
Unidos. |
sir |
William |
he.H.went |
with |
States |
United |
Mr.
Townsend went to the United States. |
020 |
Otiecājtiehualuc |
tiesohua |
Doña |
Elvira |
hua |
obilohuac. |
he.H.left.her.H |
his.H.woman |
madam |
Elvira |
and |
he.H.went |
He
left his wife, Madam Elvira, (en Tetelcingo) when he went. |
021 |
Bejcābihua |
yieyi |
mietstli. |
he.H.delays.away |
three |
moon |
He
was gone three months. |
022 |
Oquichijqui |
miyac |
propaganda |
a |
favor |
de |
toāltepie. |
he.H.made.it |
much |
propaganda |
at |
favor |
of |
our.country |
He
produced a lot of publicity in favor of our country. |
023 |
Hua |
por |
inu |
sacrificio |
tli |
oquichijqui |
Don |
Guillermo, |
and |
for |
that |
sacrifice |
that |
he.H.made.it |
sir |
William |
|
por |
inu |
tequitl |
tli |
oquichijqui, |
Cárdenas |
otiereconociero |
quienami |
for |
that |
work |
that |
he.H.made.it |
Cárdenas |
he.recognized.him.H |
like |
|
sente |
ciudadano |
de |
toāltepie, |
quiemi |
mexicano. |
one |
citizen |
of |
our.country |
like |
Mexican |
And
because of this sacrifice and labor of Mr. Townsend's,
Cárdenas considered him to be a citizen of our country, a
Mexican. |
024 |
Ipa |
inu |
tiempo, |
Don |
Guillermo |
ca |
totlajtojcā |
in.it |
that |
time |
sir |
William |
with |
our.leader |
|
Cárdenas |
nechijchihualuc |
lalibis |
amigos. |
Cárdenas |
they.H.made.each.other |
very |
friends |
At
that time, Mr. Townsend and our President Cárdenas became fast
friends. |
To the index
Cárdenas visits Tetelcingo: first meeting of Cárdenas and Townsend
025 |
Don |
Guillermo |
Townsend, |
antes |
de |
que |
yejuatsi |
quichihuas |
sir |
William |
Townsend, |
before |
of |
that |
he.H |
he.will.make.it |
|
propaganda |
de |
in[u] |
expropiación |
de |
inu |
campos |
petroleros, |
propaganda |
of |
that |
expropriation |
of |
those |
fields |
petroleum-producing |
|
cuac |
chāntihuaya |
ca |
tlaijtec |
ipa |
inu |
plazuela |
- |
when |
he.H.was.dwelling |
with |
inside |
in.it |
that |
little.plaza |
- |
|
ipa |
inu |
tiempo |
Cárdenas |
totlajtojcā |
oquivisitāro |
topueblo |
in.it |
that |
time |
Cárdenas |
our.leader |
he.visited.it |
our.village |
|
de |
māsiehualte. |
of |
natives.of.Tetelcingo |
In
the time before Mr. William Townsend started his publicity campaign
regarding the expropriation of the oil fields, when he was living in
the central square [of Tetelcingo], our President Cárdenas
visited the village of us Mösiehuali
speakers. |
026 |
Ye |
cuaquinu |
naja |
niyeya |
de |
tlajtohuani |
ipa |
topueblo |
already |
when.that |
I |
I.was |
of |
authority |
in.it |
our.village |
I
was village mayor at the time.[3] |
027 |
Ipa |
inun |
tunalte |
oncā |
oyejyeya |
profesores |
amo |
tlamachtiyāya. |
in.it |
those |
days |
here |
they.were |
professors |
not |
they.were.teaching |
There
were some schoolteachers living there at the time who didn't teach very
much. |
028 |
Pero |
oyejyeya |
esfiela; |
ompa |
ochajchāntijtaya. |
but |
they.were |
escuela |
there |
they.were.dwelling |
But
they were in the school, in fact they lived there. |
029 |
Belis |
otiyejyeya |
quiemi |
a |
las |
diez |
de |
ca |
possibly |
we.were |
like |
at |
the |
ten |
of |
with |
|
isi |
cuac |
naja |
niyehuataya |
ipa |
āmāyetl[4] |
ixpa |
ayudantía, |
early |
when |
I |
I.was.seated |
on.it |
amate.trunk |
in.front.of.it |
town.hall |
|
cuac |
sa |
de |
repiente |
oniquijtac |
sente |
quixtiyāno |
ohualāya |
when |
only |
of |
sudden |
I.saw.him |
one |
outsider[5] |
he.was.coming |
|
ca |
notlac, |
de |
tejāno, |
de |
pantalo, |
hua |
de |
with |
next.to.me |
of |
Texan(hat) |
of |
trousers |
and |
of |
|
chaquieta. |
jacket |
It must have
been
about ten o'clock one morning, when I was sitting in front of the town
hall on an amate tree trunk, when I suddenly saw a stranger from the
city approaching me, dressed in a cowboy hat, citified trousers, and a
jacket. |
Oniquijtac se quixtiyāno de tejano, de pantalón y de chaquieta
I saw a stranger from the city, dressed in a cowboy hat, trousers, and a jacket
030 |
Naja |
amo |
onicchi |
cāso |
de |
yaja. |
I |
not |
I.made.it |
notice |
of |
he |
I
didn't pay any attention to him. |
031 |
Naja |
nicseguiro |
niyehuatica |
ipa |
inu |
āmāyetl. |
I |
I.followed.it |
I.am.seated |
in.it |
that |
trunk |
I
stayed there, sitting on the trunk. |
032 |
Por |
fin |
omopacho |
notlac |
hua |
oniechtlajpalo. |
for |
end |
he.approched |
next.to.me |
and |
he.greeted.me |
Finally
he came up and greeted me. |
033 |
Nuyijqui |
naja |
onictlajpalo, |
pero |
niyehuatica. |
also |
I |
I.greeted.him |
but |
I.am.seated |
I
greeted him back, but stayed sitting there. |
034 |
Ye |
cuaquinuju |
oniechilfi |
inu |
quixtiyāno, |
-¿Amo |
tiniechixomati? |
already |
when.that |
he.said.to.me |
that |
outsider |
not |
you.know.me |
Then
this outsider said to me "Don't you recognize me?" |
035 |
Naja |
oniquilfi, |
-Amo, |
Señor. |
I |
I.said.to.him |
not |
sir |
"No,
sir," I said. |
036 |
Yaja |
oniechilfi, |
-Naja |
niPresidente |
de |
la |
República, |
Lázaro |
he |
he.said.to.me |
I |
I.president |
of |
the |
republic |
Lazarus |
|
Cárdenas. |
Cárdenas |
He said to me,
"I am
Lázaro Cárdenas, President of the Republic." |
037 |
Ye |
cuaquinuju |
onoquetstiquis |
hua |
onitieilfi[6] |
ca |
en |
castilla, |
already |
when.that |
I.suddenly.stood.myself.up |
and |
I.said.to.him.H |
with |
in.it |
Castilian |
|
-Señor |
Presidente |
¡perdóneme! |
sir |
president |
forgive.me |
I
jumped to my feet and said to him, in Spanish, "Señor
President, forgive me! |
038 |
No |
le |
conocía. |
not |
you |
I.was.knowing |
I
didn't realize who you were." |
039 |
Cárdenas |
oniechtlajtlani |
hua |
oniechilfi, |
—¿Āquimejua |
chajchānti |
ijtec |
Cárdenas |
he.asked.me |
and |
he.said.to.me |
who.are.they |
they.dwell |
inside.it |
|
inu |
cali? |
that |
house |
Cárdenas
asked me, "Who are the people that live in that house over there?"
en esa casa? |
040 |
Naja |
oniquilfi, |
-Yejua |
profesores. |
I |
I.said.to.him |
they |
professors |
"They
are some schoolteachers," I told him. |
041 |
Oniechilfi, |
-Xiquintsajtsili |
ma |
hualācā. |
he.said.to.me |
call.to.them |
may |
they.should.come |
"Go
call them," he told me, "and tell them to come here." |
042 |
Ye |
cuac |
inu |
naja |
onomerā |
oniquintsajtsilito. |
already |
when |
that |
I |
I.ran |
I.went.and.called.them |
So
I ran and called them. |
043 |
Yejua |
ohualajqui. |
they |
they.came |
They
came. |
044 |
Otlajtojqui |
ca |
yaja. |
they.spoke |
with |
he |
They
spoke with him. |
045 |
Ocsajpa |
oniechtlajtlani |
neli |
āquinu |
chānti |
itsintla |
mimisquicuabitl. |
again |
he.asked.me |
reportedly |
who.that |
he.dwells |
below.it |
mesquite.palo |
Then
he spoke to me again, and asked me who was living under the mequite
tree. |
046 |
Naja |
oniquilfi, |
-Señor |
Presidente, |
chānti |
sente |
americano. |
I |
I.said.to.him |
sir |
president |
he.dwells |
one |
American |
"Mr.
President", I said, "an American lives there. |
047 |
Naja |
onicmacac |
permiso |
para |
ma |
mochānti |
oncā |
ca |
I |
I.gave.him |
permission |
for |
may |
he.make.himself.dwell |
here |
with |
|
tejua |
para |
tiechpaliebi |
ipa |
ini |
nānca |
plazuela. |
we |
for |
he.helps.us |
in.it |
this |
here |
little.plaza |
I
gave him permission to live here in the town square with us and help
us." |
Itsintla mimisquicuabitl
chānti se americano tli ohuala tiechpaliebico
Under the mesquite tree there an American is
living, who
came to help us
048 |
Yaja |
oniechilfi, |
-Xictsajtsili |
ma |
huala. |
he |
he.said.to.me |
call.to.him |
may |
he.should.come |
"Call
him and tell him to come," he told me. |
049 |
Naja |
onomerā |
onitietsajtsilito |
Don |
Guillermo. |
I |
I.ran |
I.went.and.called.him.H |
sir |
William |
I
went running and called Mr. Townsend. |
050 |
Yejuatsi |
hualquixohuac, |
oquitlajpalojqui, |
hua |
yaja |
nuyijqui |
otietlajpalo. |
he.H |
he.H.emerged.hither |
he.H.greeted.him |
and |
he |
also |
he.greeted.him.H |
He
came out of the house and greeted Cárdenas, and
Cárdenas greeted him in return. |
051 |
Ocajcalacohuac |
ca |
tiecalijtec |
Don |
Guillermo. |
they.H.entered |
with |
inside.his.H.house |
sir |
William |
Together
they went into Mr. Townsend's house. |
052 |
Ye |
ompa |
onenunutsaluc |
tieca |
Don |
Lázaro |
Cárdenas, |
totlajtojcā. |
already |
there |
he/they.H.talked.together |
with.him.H |
sir |
Lazarus |
Cárdenas |
nuestro.líder |
There
they talked, Mr. Townsend with our President, Lázaro
Cárdenas. |
To the index
Benefits for Tetelcingo
053 |
Onechijchihualuc |
amigos, |
amo |
sa |
para |
yehuatsi |
Don |
Guillermo |
they.H.made.themselves |
friends |
not |
only |
for |
he.H |
sir |
William |
|
ca |
tiesohua, |
tlācamo |
nuyijqui |
nechijchihualuc |
amigos |
ca |
Presidente |
with |
his.H.woman |
but |
also |
they.H.made.themselves |
friends |
with |
president |
|
Cárdenas |
para |
que |
topueblo |
de |
Tetelcingo |
quipiyas |
icnuijtalistli |
Cárdenas |
for |
that |
our.village |
of |
Tetelcingo |
it.will.have.it |
pity |
|
de |
Cárdenas. |
of |
Cárdenas |
They
didn't make friends just for the benefit of Mr. Townsend and his wife,
but his and President Cárdenas' becoming friends resulted in
Cárdenas having mercy on our village of Tetelcingo. |
054 |
Toyesojcāicni |
Cárdenas, |
ca |
Don |
Guillermo, |
nechijchihualuc |
de |
amistad |
our.blood.brother |
Cárdenas |
with |
sir |
William |
they.H.made.themselves |
of |
friendship |
|
amo |
sa |
para |
yejuantsitsi |
tlācamo |
asta |
para |
tejua |
not |
only |
for |
they.H |
but |
until |
for |
we |
|
de |
Tetelcingo. |
of |
Tetelcingo |
The
friendship which began between Cárdenas, our kinsman, and Mr.
Townsend, was not just for the benefit of the two of them, but also for
the benefit even of us Tetelcingans. |
055 |
Desde |
ipa |
inun |
tunali |
que |
nenojnunutsac, |
Cárdenas |
otieilfijtie |
from |
in.it |
that |
day |
that |
they.H.talked |
Cárdenas |
he.left.it.said.to.him.H |
|
Don |
Guillermo |
que |
ipa |
quiejquich |
tunalte |
quihualtitlanis |
el |
sir |
William |
that |
in.it |
how.many |
days |
he.will.send.him.hither |
the |
|
Coronel |
del |
Río |
ca |
sente |
sementera |
de |
turo |
colonel |
of.the |
river |
with |
one |
breeding.stock |
of |
bull |
|
hua |
sente |
vāca, |
ocsente |
sementera |
de |
chivos, |
hua |
and |
one |
cow |
other |
breeding.stock |
of |
goats |
and |
|
ocsente |
sementera |
de |
pitsome. |
other |
breeding.stock |
of |
hogs |
On
that day when they first talked, Cárdenas left Don Guillermo
with the promise that in a few days he would send Colonel Del
Río with good breeding stock for cattle, goats, and hogs. |
056 |
Pos |
melāhuac. |
well |
true |
And
sure enough, he did. |
057 |
Ipa |
quiejquich |
tunalte |
ohuala |
Coronel |
del |
Río |
ca |
in.it |
how.many |
days |
he.came |
colonel |
of.the |
river |
with |
|
sente |
camión |
lalibis |
bieyi |
cāni |
quihualicaya |
inu |
yulcāme |
one |
truck |
very |
big |
where |
he.was.bringing.it |
those |
animals |
|
tli |
oquijtojtie |
Cárdenas. |
that |
he.left.it.said |
Cárdenas |
A
few days later, here came Colonel Del Río with a very big
truck, bringing the animals Cárdenas had promised. |
Don Guillermo Townsend
yehualutica ipan
turo tli Cárdenas oquinmacac māsiehualtie
Townsend seated on the bull that Cárdenas
gave
to the people of Tetelcingo
058 |
Sātiepa |
de |
ini |
nānca, |
ca |
iorden |
del |
General |
afterwards |
of |
this |
here |
with |
his.order |
of.the |
General |
|
Don |
Lázaro, |
ohuala |
Lic. |
sir |
Lázaro, |
he.came |
Bachelor.of.Law |
|
Genaro |
Vázquez |
ca |
Profesor |
Uranga. |
Genaro |
Vázquez |
with |
professor |
Uranga |
After
this happened, Mr. Genaro Vázquez and Professor Uranga came,
under orders from General Cárdenas. |
059 |
Lic. |
Genaro |
Vázquez |
ipa |
inu |
tiempo |
oyeya |
Jefe |
del |
Bachelor.of.Law |
Genaro |
Vázquez |
in.it |
that |
time |
he.was |
chief |
of.the |
|
Departamento |
del |
Trabajo, |
hua |
Profesor |
Uranga |
oyeya |
Vocal |
department |
of.the |
work |
and |
professor |
Uranga |
he.was |
representative |
|
de |
inu |
Departamento. |
of |
that |
department |
At
that time, Mr. Genaro Vázquez was head of the Department of
Labor, and Professor Uranga was official representative of the same
Department. |
060 |
Pos |
ohualajqui |
inu |
unteme |
personas |
por |
mando |
de |
well |
they.came |
those |
two |
persons |
for |
command |
of |
|
Don |
Lázaro |
Cárdenas |
para |
ma |
quiinspeccionārucā |
tlālte |
de |
sir |
Lazarus |
Cárdenas |
for |
may |
they.should.inspect.it |
lands |
of |
|
riego |
de |
Casasāno. |
irrigation |
of |
Casasano |
These
two came by order of President Cárdenas to examine the
irrigated lands near the town of Casasano. |
061 |
Oncā |
ochicumetijqui |
asta |
senamo |
oquiyequijijtaqui |
inu |
tlālte. |
here |
they.spent.seven |
until |
that.not |
they.examined.it.well |
those |
lands |
They
spent a week here, not leaving until they had checked those lands out
thoroughly. |
062 |
Ye |
cuac |
inu |
oyajqui. |
already |
when |
that |
they.went |
Then
they left. |
To the index
Second and third visits of Cárdenas to Tetelcingo
063 |
Sātiepa |
de |
miyac |
tunalte |
Cárdenas |
ohuala |
ocsajpa. |
afterwards |
of |
many |
days |
Cárdenas |
he.came |
again |
A
good while later Cárdenas came again. |
064 |
Pero |
para |
cuac |
inuju, |
Don |
Guillermo |
ayecmo |
chāntihuaya |
but |
for |
when |
that |
sir |
William |
no.longer |
he.H.dwelt |
|
pan |
plazuela |
tlācamo |
ye |
chāntihuaya |
ipa |
icorrāl |
de |
in |
little.village.square |
but |
already |
he.H.dwelt |
in.it |
his.corral |
of |
|
Don |
Refugio |
Rodríguez. |
sir |
Refugio |
Rodríguez |
By
then Mr. Townsend had moved from the village square to a lot belonging
to Mr. Refugio Rodríguez. |
065 |
Ipa |
incorrāl |
ocsajpa |
otietlajpaluco |
Cárdenas. |
in.it |
their.corral |
again |
he.came.to.visit.him.H |
Cárdenas |
There
in that lot Cárdenas visited Mr. Townsend again. |
066 |
Ocsajpa |
onenunutsaluc |
Don |
Guillermo |
ca |
toyesojcāicni |
Cárdenas. |
again |
he.H.talked |
sir |
William |
with |
our.blood.brother |
Cárdenas |
Once
again Mr. Townsend talked with our kinsman Cárdenas. |
067 |
Cárdenas |
otiemacac |
Don |
Guillermo |
sequi |
piezas |
de |
telas |
Cárdenas |
he.gave.him.H |
sir |
William |
some |
pieces |
of |
cloths |
|
hua |
pantalunte |
de |
meztlilla |
para |
ma |
quinmajmacacā |
giente |
and |
trousers |
of |
denim |
for |
may |
he.H.should.give.to.them |
people |
|
de |
tochā. |
of |
our.home |
Cárdenas
gave Mr. Townsend some lengths of cloth and some denim pants for him to
give to our villagesfolk. |
Sohuame māsiehualtie ca
tiehua
impiljua, hua sente bescomatl
Tetelcingan women with their children, and a
bescomatl
granary in the background
068 |
Nuyijqui |
telas |
oquixiexelojqui |
ca |
sohuame |
de |
nicā |
tochā. |
also |
cloths |
he.H.distributed.it |
with |
women |
of |
here |
our.home |
The
cloths he also distributed among our village's women. |
Sente sohuatl tlajtzoma ca sente
mācna oquitiemacac Cárdenas
A woman of Tetelcingo sewing on a machine donated
by
Cárdenas
069 |
Para |
ca |
yexpa |
ohuala |
Cárdenas. |
for |
with |
three.times |
he.came |
Cárdenas |
A
third time Cárdenas came. |
070 |
Ye |
oquihualicac |
isohua |
ca |
itielpuch |
Cuauhtemoc. |
already |
he.brought.her |
his.woman |
with |
his.son |
Cuauhtémoc |
He
brought his wife, and his son Cuauhtémoc. |
071 |
Ipa |
inu |
tiempo |
oc |
tsitsiquitsi |
oyeya. |
in.it |
that |
time |
yet |
little |
he.was |
He
was still a little boy at that time. |
Don Lázaro
Cárdenas
ca tiehua Doña Amalia hua Cuauhtémoc
Lázaro Cárdenas with his wife
Amalia
and son Cuauhtémoc
To the index
Cárdenas' interview with Martín
Méndez
072 |
Cuac |
ca |
ujpa |
ohuala |
Cárdenas, |
oquinunutsqui |
Don |
Guillermo |
when |
with |
two.times |
he.came |
Cárdenas |
he.H.talked.with.him |
sir |
William |
|
que |
naja |
oniyeya |
de |
soltāro, |
hua |
Cárdenas |
oquinec |
that |
I |
I.was |
of |
soldier |
and |
Cárdenas |
he.wanted.it |
|
nechixomatis. |
he.will.know.me |
During
Cárdenas' second visit, Mr. Townsend told him that I had been
a soldier, and Cárdenas wanted to get to know me. |
073 |
Don |
Guillermo |
oquihualicajqui |
cāni |
naja |
niyeya |
calijtec. |
sir |
William |
he.H.brought.him |
where |
I |
I.was |
inside.the.house |
Mr.
Townsend brought him into the house where I was. |
074 |
Oniechtlajpalo, |
hua |
oniechilfi, |
-¿Taja |
otiyeya |
de |
soltāro? |
he.greeted.me |
and |
he.said.to.me |
you |
you.were |
of |
soldier |
He
greeted me, and asked, "Did you serve as a soldier?" |
075 |
-Melāhuac |
oniyeya |
de |
soltāro, |
Señor |
Presidente. |
true |
I.was |
of |
soldier |
sir |
president |
"That
is right, I was a soldier, Mr. President." |
076 |
Oniechilfi, |
-¿Quiejquich |
xibitl |
oticchi? |
he.said.to.me |
how.many |
leaf |
you.made.it |
"How
many years did you do?" he asked me. |
077 |
Naja |
oniquilfi, |
-Majtlactli |
huan |
ume |
xibitl |
onicchi |
ipa |
I |
I.said.to.him |
ten |
and |
two |
leaf |
I.made.it |
in.it |
|
inu |
ejército. |
that |
army |
"I
did twelve years in the army," I responded. |
078 |
-¿Hua |
amo |
tli |
otictlā? |
and |
not |
what |
you.gained.it |
"And,
weren't you paid anything from your service?" |
079 |
Oniquijto, |
-Amo |
yitla |
onictlā. |
I.said |
not |
algo |
I.gained.it |
"I
didn't get a thing," I said. |
080 |
-Pos |
xiquijta. |
well |
see.it |
"Look
here. |
081 |
Naja |
timitztlāocolis |
sente |
terreno |
para |
ica |
tomopaliebis. |
I |
I.will.give.you.gratis |
one |
property |
for |
by.means.of.it |
you.will.help.yourself |
I
will give you a piece of property for you to make your living with. |
082 |
Naja |
oniquijto, |
-Tlasojcāmati |
Señor |
Presidente. |
I |
I.said |
gracias |
sir |
president |
"Thank
you, Mr. President!" I said. |
083 |
Yaja |
oniechilfi, |
-Xikpejpena |
semillas |
de |
ini |
xuchitl |
tli |
he |
he.said.to.me |
choose.it |
seeds |
of |
this |
flower |
that |
|
taja |
ticpiya |
para |
nochā. |
you |
you.have.it |
for |
my.home |
He
told me, "Pick out some seeds from this flower that you have, for me to
take home with me." |
084 |
Hua |
uya |
Cárdenas |
ca |
tiecalijtec |
Don |
Guillermo. |
and |
he.went |
Cárdenas |
with |
inside.his.H.house |
sir |
William |
And
Cárdenas went back to Mr. Townsend's house. |
085 |
Naja |
sanima |
onictejtec |
inu |
semilla. |
I |
immediately |
I.cut.it.off |
that |
semilla |
I
immediately cut off some seeds of the kind he'd asked for. |
086 |
Onictlāli |
ijtec |
sente |
puxajtli |
de |
āmatl |
hua |
onicmacato. |
I.placed.it |
inside.it |
one |
bag |
of |
paper |
and |
I.went.and.gave.it.to.him |
I
put them in a paper bag and went to give it to him. |
087 |
Por |
fin |
uya |
Don |
Lázaro |
ca |
Miexijco. |
for |
end |
he.went |
sir |
Lazarus |
with |
Mexico |
And
finally President Cárdenas went back to Mexico. |
088 |
Don |
Guillermo |
onecāhualuc. |
sir |
William |
he.H.left.himself |
Mr.
Townsend remained behind. |
Ru Marti Méndez ca
tiehua
Xohuānajtzi hua imichpuch Eusebia
Martín Méndez with his wife Juana
and
daughter Eusebia
To
the
index
Further benefits for Tetelcingo
089 |
Pero |
ipa |
quiejquich |
tunalte |
nuyijqui |
Don |
Guillermo |
obiloac |
but |
in.it |
how.many |
days |
also |
sir |
William |
he.H.went |
|
ca |
Miexijco. |
with |
Mexico |
But
a few days later, Mr. Townsend also went to Mexico. |
090 |
Mientras |
Don |
Guillermo |
ilohuaya |
ompa |
Miexijco, |
oasico |
Profesor |
mientras |
sir |
William |
he.H.was |
there |
Mexico |
he.arrived.hither |
professor |
|
Uranga, |
ca |
Ingeniero |
Juan |
Soto, |
ca |
iorden |
del |
Uranga |
with |
engineer |
Juan |
Soto |
with |
his.order |
of.the |
|
Señor |
Presidente |
Don |
Lázaro |
Cárdenas. |
sir |
president |
sir |
Lazarus |
Cárdenas |
While
Mr. Townsend was in Mexico, Professor Uranga arrived with an engineer
named Juan Soto, armed with an order from the President of
México, Lázaro Cárdenas. |
091 |
Sanima |
opiejqui |
tejtequiti. |
immediately |
they.began |
they.work |
They
went right to work. |
092 |
Sanima |
oquinutsqui |
Comisariado. |
immediately |
they.called.him |
commissioner |
First
thing they called the lands commissioner. |
093 |
Cuac |
inuju |
oyeya |
yaja |
Carrillo. |
when |
that |
he.was |
he |
Carrillo |
It
was, at that time, a man by the name of Carrillo. |
094 |
Profesor |
Uranga |
sanima |
oquicu |
tlāli |
de |
Miguel |
Bobalillo. |
professor |
Uranga |
immediately |
he.bought.it |
land |
of |
Michael |
Bobalillo |
Professor
Uranga immediately bought some land from Miguel Bobalillo. |
095 |
Nuyijqui |
oquicu |
tlāli |
de |
Tules |
Gadea. |
also |
he.bought.it |
land |
of |
Tules |
Gadea |
He
also bought some land from Tules Gadea. |
096 |
Quiplantārojqui |
miyac |
tareas[7] |
de |
alāxoxcuajme |
ipa |
inu |
cāmpo |
they.planted.it |
many |
sections |
of |
orange.trees |
in.it |
that |
campo |
|
de |
Mātaliyu. |
of |
Lionkiller |
They
planted a large orange grove in the Mataleón field. |
097 |
Oquichijchijqui |
unte |
calme, |
sente |
para |
sente |
motor |
eléctrico, |
they.built.it |
two |
houses |
one |
for |
one |
motor |
electric |
|
hua |
inu |
ocsente |
para |
mochāntis |
āqui |
tlajpiyas |
ipa |
and |
that |
other.one |
for |
he.will.dwell |
who |
he.will.do.watching.over |
in.it |
|
inu |
alāxoxcuajcamac. |
those |
orange.trees |
They
built two houses, one for an electric motor, and the other for a
caretaker for the orange grove. |
098 |
Ipa |
inu |
cali |
para |
motor |
eléctrico, |
santequitl |
oquisencājqui |
in.it |
that |
house |
for |
motor |
electric |
as.soon.as |
they.finished.it |
|
huan |
oquichijchijqui, |
oquihualicaqui |
inu |
motor. |
and |
they.built.it |
they.brought.it |
that |
motor. |
As
soon as the house for the electric motor was finished, they brought the
motor itself. |
099 |
Ica |
inu |
motor |
quitiemacaya |
tlābili |
para |
topueblo. |
by.means.of.it |
that |
motor |
they/it.gave.it.away |
light |
for |
our.village |
With
that motor our village was provided with electric light. |
100 |
Nuyijqui |
oquitiemacaqui |
sente |
camiyu |
de |
cārga. |
also |
they.gave.it.away |
one |
camión |
of |
burden |
They
also gave the village a cargo truck. |
101 |
Oquicuitijqui |
sitlali. |
they.called.it |
star |
It
was called "The Star". |
102 |
Oquihualicaqui |
sente |
mierco |
para |
tlapajtis. |
they.brought.him |
one |
medic |
for |
he.will.heal |
They
brought a doctor to provide medical service. |
103 |
Oquicujqui |
ocsente |
tlāli. |
they.bought |
other.one |
land |
They
bought another piece of property. |
104 |
Profesor |
Uranga |
omonunutz |
ica |
Casasaniero, |
Ru |
Antonio, |
hua |
professor |
Uranga |
chatted |
with.him |
Casasanero |
sir |
Anthony |
and |
|
oquicubili |
ocsente |
tlāli |
para |
Martín |
Méndez |
(naja). |
he.bought.from.him |
other |
land |
for |
Martín |
Méndez |
I |
Professor
Uranga made a deal with Mr. Antonio Casasanero, and he bought another
piece of land for Martín Méndez (that is, for me). |
105 |
Oquicubili |
aproximada |
mente |
como |
26 |
tareas. |
he.bought.from.him |
approximate |
ly |
like |
26 |
sections |
He
bought land amounting to about 26 sections.[7] |
106 |
Pero |
ininānca |
tareas |
de |
tlāli |
omoxiexelo |
para |
tli |
but |
these.here |
sections |
of |
land |
it.was.split.and.distributed |
for |
that |
|
cachi |
porubejte. |
more |
poor.ones |
But
these sections were distributed among the poorest of us. |
107 |
Profesor |
Uranga |
oquitlāli |
Ingeniero |
Juan |
Soto |
para |
ma |
professor |
Uranga |
he.put.him |
engineer |
Juan |
Soto |
for |
may |
|
quitietequi |
por |
lotes. |
he.should.cut.it.in.pieces |
for |
lots |
Professor
Uranga put the engineer, Juan Soto, in charge of dividing up the land
into lots. |
Don Lázaro
Cárdenas
hua Profesor Javier Uranga ipa Tetelcingo
Cárdenas and Professor Javier Uranga in
Tetelcingo
108 |
Inu |
lotes |
oquisqui |
quiemi |
ca |
nānābi |
tareas |
cara |
those |
lotes |
they.came.out |
like |
with |
four.each |
sections |
each |
|
sente |
lote. |
one |
lot |
The
lots amounted to about four sections each. |
109 |
Nuyijqui |
oquitlālijqui |
sente |
cāye |
de |
majtlactli |
mietro |
ca |
also |
they.placed.it |
one |
street |
of |
ten |
meter |
with |
|
patlāhuac, |
hua |
quiemi |
nābi |
cientos |
ca |
biyac. |
wide |
and |
like |
four |
hundred |
with |
long |
They
also laid down a street ten meters wide and about four hundred meters
long. |
110 |
Nuyijqui |
oquicujqui |
alāmbre |
motsacuasqui |
cada |
sente |
lote. |
also |
they.bought.it |
wire |
they.will.(en)close.themselves |
each |
one |
lot |
They
also bought wire fencing to enclose each lot. |
111 |
Oquinchijchijqui |
calme |
de |
adubes. |
they.built.them |
houses |
of |
adobes |
They
built some adobe houses. |
112 |
Oquicujqui |
tiejaste |
hua |
madera |
para |
techos, |
para |
pobieltajte |
they.bought.it |
tiles |
and |
wood |
for |
roofs |
for |
doors |
|
hua |
ventānajte. |
and |
windows |
They
bought tiles and wood for the roofs, doors, and windows. |
113 |
Cuac |
ye |
oquinsencājqui |
inu |
calte, |
cara |
sesen |
tlācatl |
when |
already |
they.finished.them |
those |
houses |
each |
individual |
man |
|
oquinmajmacaqui |
escrituras. |
they.gave.them |
titles |
When
they finished the houses, they gave each man the title to his land. |
114 |
Oquitlālijqui |
nuyijqui |
sente |
internado |
de |
agricultura. |
they.placed.it |
also |
one |
boarding.school |
of |
agriculture |
They
also started a boarding school teaching agricultural studies. |
115 |
Oncā |
oyejyeya |
unte |
ingenieros |
para |
inu |
enseñanza. |
here |
they.were |
two |
engineers |
for |
that |
teaching |
There
were two (agricultural) engineers at the school to do the teaching. |
116 |
Ipa |
inu |
tiempo |
otlapaliebiluc |
nuyijqui |
yejuatsi |
Lic. |
Genaro |
Vázquez. |
in.it |
that |
time |
he.H.helped |
also |
he.H |
Bachelor.of.Law |
Genaro |
Vázquez |
Mr.
Genaro Vázquez was also helping in these things.[8] |
117 |
Ipa |
inu |
tiempo |
oyilohuaya |
de |
Procurador |
de |
la |
in.it |
that |
time |
H.era |
of |
procurador |
of |
the |
|
Nación. |
nation |
By that time he
was
Attorney General of the Nation. |
118 |
Oquitlālijqui |
sente |
cañería |
desde |
Pasolco |
asta |
alāxox |
cuajcamac. |
they.placed.it |
one |
tubery |
from |
Pasulco |
until |
orange |
grove |
They
laid pipes from Pasulco to the orange grove. |
119 |
Oquixiexelojqui |
tlāli |
de |
riego. |
they.distributed.it |
land |
of |
irrigation |
They
distributed irrigated lands to us. |
120 |
Chichicuasien |
tarea |
oquintocāro |
cara |
sesen |
tlācatl |
de |
Tetelcingo. |
six.each |
section |
it.touched.them |
each |
individual |
man |
of |
Tetelcingo |
Every
single man of Tetelcingo received about six sections. |
To
the
index
The legacy of Cárdenas
121 |
Nochi |
ini |
nānca |
omochi |
ipa |
topueblo |
de |
Tetelcingo, |
all |
this |
here |
it.made.itself |
in.it |
our.village |
of |
Tetelcingo |
|
porque |
Don |
Lázaro |
Cárdenas |
otiechtlasojtlac |
por |
causa |
de |
because |
sir |
Lazarus |
Cárdenas |
he.loved.us |
for |
cause |
of |
|
Don |
Guillermo |
C. |
Townsend, |
āqui |
nechāntiluco |
ipa |
topueblo. |
sir |
William |
C. |
Townsend |
who |
he.H.came.to.live |
in.it |
our.village |
All
of this happened here in our village because President Lázaro
Cárdenzas loved us, on account of Mr. William Cameron
Townsend, who had come to live in our village. |
122 |
Tlā |
āxā |
miyactie |
de |
tochā |
tlagozārohua |
de |
camiones, |
if |
now |
many |
of |
our.home |
rejoice |
of |
trucks |
|
de |
coches, |
de |
tractores, |
de |
molinos, |
hua |
de |
of |
cars |
of |
tractors |
of |
corn.mills |
and |
of |
|
nochi |
ocsequi |
sāsantli, |
ma |
tiemotlasojcāmatilicā |
Dios |
ca |
tiehua |
all |
other |
things |
may |
let.them.thank.him.HH |
God |
with |
together.with |
|
Don |
Lázaro |
Cárdenas, |
ca |
tiehua |
Don |
Guillermo |
C. |
sir |
Lazarus |
Cárdenas |
with |
together.with |
sir |
William |
C. |
|
Townsend, |
Americano, |
que |
tohua |
nechāntiluco. |
Townsend, |
American |
that |
with.us |
he.H.came.and.dwelt |
If
it is now true (and it is) that many of our fellow-villagespeople
rejoice in the possession of trucks, cars, tractors, mills, and such
things, they should be grateful to God for them, and also to President
Lázaro Cárdenas, and also to Mr. William Cameron
Townsend, the American that came to live among us. |
123 |
Martín |
Méndez |
otieseli |
hua |
otietlāli |
ināhuajcopa |
topueblo |
para |
Martín |
Méndez |
received.him.H |
and |
placed.him.H |
in.the.middle.of |
our.village |
for |
|
ma |
quipaliebicā. |
may |
he.H.should.help.it |
I,
Martín Méndez, was the one who received him and gave
him permission to stay in our village and help us. |
124 |
Yaja |
inu |
tequitl |
oquichi |
Cárdenas |
san |
tlasojtli. |
he |
that |
work |
he.did.it |
Cárdenas |
only |
for.love |
Cárdenas
did all these things freely, for love of the people. |
125 |
Totlasojcāicni |
Cárdenas |
oquicājtie |
ineljuayo |
(isohua) |
hua |
iretoños |
(ipiljua). |
our.loved.brother |
Cárdenas |
left.it.when.he.went |
his.root |
his.woman |
and |
his.sprouts |
his.children |
Our
beloved brother Cárdenas left behind him his root (his wife)
and his sprouts (his children). |
126 |
Sie |
tunali |
ineljuayo |
hua |
iretoños |
tiechtlapaluquibe |
por |
causa |
one |
day |
his.root |
and |
his.sprouts |
they.are.coming.to.visit.us |
for |
cause |
|
de |
Don |
Guillermo |
Townsend. |
of |
sir |
William |
Townsend |
One
of these days his root and his sprouts will come to visit us on account
of Mr. Townsend. |
127 |
¿Quitlasojcāmati |
topueblo |
de |
ini |
obra |
de |
tlasojtilistli |
he.is.grateful.for.it |
our.village |
of |
this |
work |
of |
love |
|
tli |
oquichi |
Cárdenas? |
that |
he.did.it |
Cárdenas |
Is
our village grateful for these works of love that Cárdenas did
for them? |
128 |
Tlā |
nochi |
ini |
obra |
amo |
niesi |
ipa |
topueblo, |
if |
all |
this |
work |
not |
it.appears |
in.it |
our.village |
|
amo |
quipiya |
tlajtlaculi |
Cárdenas, |
nimpor |
Profesor |
Uranga, |
ni |
not |
he.has.it |
without |
Cárdenas |
nor |
professor |
Uranga |
nor |
|
Don |
Guillermo, |
nimpor |
Martín |
Méndez, |
tlācamo |
yejua |
enemigos |
sir |
William |
nor |
Martín |
Méndez |
but |
they |
enemies |
|
de |
Cárdenas |
hua |
de |
nochi |
obras |
de |
yaja, |
of |
Cárdenas |
and |
of |
all |
works |
of |
he |
|
es |
decir, |
de |
la |
buena |
obra |
del |
Señor |
it.is |
to.say |
of |
the |
good |
work |
of.the |
sir |
|
General |
Cárdenas. |
general |
Cárdenas |
If
all these good things can no longer be seen in our village, that is not
the fault of Cárdenas, nor of Professor Uranga, nor of Mr.
Townsend, nor of Martín Méndez, but rather of those
who are enemies of Cárdenas and of all his works, that is, of
all the good that our President, General Lázaro
Cárdenas, did. |
129 |
Āxā |
noso |
toyesojcāicni |
Cárdenas |
ye |
omomiquili. |
now |
well |
our.blood.brother |
Cárdenas |
already |
he.H.died |
But
now, our kinsman Cárdenas has passed on.[9] |
130 |
Tli |
enemigos |
de |
Cárdenas |
quipijpiya |
miyak |
pāquilistli, |
quiemi |
that |
enemies |
of |
Cárdenas |
they.have.it |
much |
joy |
like |
|
tlā |
yejua |
ayic |
mijmiquisqui, |
pero |
tejua |
quiejquich |
tiquijtaqui |
if |
they |
never |
they.will.die |
but |
we |
how.many |
we.saw.it/him |
|
itlachihual |
hua |
itlatequipanulis, |
asta |
āxā |
oc |
tiquilnāmicticate |
inemilis. |
his.deed |
and |
his.work |
until |
now |
yet |
we.are.remembering.it |
his.work |
Cárdenas's
enemies are gloating, as if they were never going to die, but we who
saw his work and what he accomplished still maintain his memory. |
131 |
Oquicājtie |
sente |
bieyi |
tlanāmiquilistli |
inca |
caltientlāca. |
he.left.behind.when.he.went |
one |
big |
remembrance |
with.them |
farmers |
He
left us country folk a great legacy of remembrance. |
132 |
Sequi, |
mās |
amo |
cate |
caltientlāca, |
pero |
quijilnāmiqui, |
porque |
algunos |
although |
not |
they.are |
farmers |
but |
they.remember.him |
because |
|
itlachihual |
de |
Cárdenas |
omochi |
ejiemplo |
ipa |
nochi |
āltepietl |
his.deed |
of |
Cárdenas |
it.made.itself |
example |
in.it |
all |
country |
|
de |
Miexijco. |
of |
Mexico |
And
some others, even though they are not country folk, remember him,
because Cárdenas's deeds were an example for the whole country. |
133 |
Ipa |
nochi |
xijme |
tli |
topa |
panutibitse, |
ayic |
otiquijtaqui |
in.it |
all |
leaves |
that |
on.us |
they.come.passing |
never |
we.saw.him |
|
sente |
āltepietlajtohuani |
ma |
quitlajpaluti |
sente |
pueblo, |
hua |
ma |
one |
national.ruler |
may |
he.should.go.visit.it |
one |
village |
and |
may |
|
quijta |
tli |
quipolohua |
inu |
pueblo, |
quiemi |
Cárdenas |
oquichi. |
he.should.see.it |
that |
it.is.lacking.to.it |
that |
village |
like |
Cárdenas |
he.did.it |
In
all the years that have passed over us, no other national ruler has
ever been known to visit a village and find out what its needs were, as
Cárdenas did. |
134 |
Don |
Lázaro |
Cárdenas |
oquiti[e]mācti |
iyulo |
inca |
caltientlāca, |
hua |
sir |
Lazarus |
Cárdenas |
he.gave.it.away |
his.heart |
with.them |
farmers |
and |
|
campesinos |
oquimāctijqui |
inyulo |
Cárdenas. |
farmers |
they.handed.to.him |
their.heart |
Cárdenas |
Cárdenas
gave his heart to the country folk, and the country people entrusted
their heart to Cárdenas. |
135 |
Por |
inu |
nochi |
caltientlāca |
oquipixqui |
confiānza |
ica |
Cárdenas, |
for |
that |
all |
farmers |
they.had.it |
confidence |
with |
Cárdenas |
|
hua |
Cárdenas |
ca |
campesinos. |
and |
Cárdenas |
with |
farmers |
Because
of this all the country folk trusted Cárdenas very much, and
Cárdenas trusted the country people. |
136 |
Por |
inu |
confiānza |
tli |
oyeya |
entre |
Don |
Lázaro |
for |
that |
confidence |
that |
it.was |
between |
sir |
Lazarus |
|
para |
ca |
campesinos, |
Cárdenas |
yajtinemiya |
ca |
pan |
pueblos |
for |
with |
farmers |
Cárdenas |
went.around.going |
with |
in |
villages |
|
sin |
pistula, |
hua |
sin |
escolta. |
without |
pistol |
and |
without |
escort |
Because
of the level of trust that there was between Cárdenas and the
country folk, he always went around in the villages without a gun and
without an escort. |
137 |
Don |
Lázaro |
yajtinemiya |
ca |
pan |
pueblos |
ca |
nochi |
sir |
Lazarus |
went.around.going |
with |
in |
villages |
with |
all |
|
confiānza, |
quiemi |
tlā |
yajtinemisquiyāya |
intsālā |
ifamilias |
de |
yaja. |
confidence |
like |
if |
he.were.going.around.going |
among.them |
his.families |
of |
he |
Mr.
Lázaro went around in the villages in full confidence, as if
he were going around among his own relatives. |
138 |
Cárdenas |
amo |
omoāpartāro |
de |
gobierno |
de |
ini |
nānca |
āltepietl. |
Cárdenas |
not |
he.pulled.himself.away |
of |
government |
of |
this |
here |
country |
Cárdenas
did not turn his back on the government of this country. |
139 |
Oyeya |
unido |
ica |
ini |
gobierno. |
he.was |
unitedo |
with.it |
this |
government |
He
was united with the government. |
140 |
Nochi |
ini |
oquichi |
para |
quijtas |
tlā |
ocsequi |
tlātlajtohuanime |
all |
this |
he.did.it |
for |
he.will.see.it |
if |
others |
mandatarios |
|
quichihua |
tli |
tequitl |
quicājtiehua |
yaja. |
they.do.it |
that |
work |
he.leaves.it.when.he.goes |
he |
He
did this hoping that other government functionaries would do the work
that he had left them as a legacy. |
141 |
Por |
fin |
Cárdenas |
oquichijtie |
tlin |
cuali, |
tli |
yiecniesi |
for |
end |
Cárdenas |
he.left.it.done |
that |
good |
that |
it.appears.right |
|
ipa |
ini |
nānca |
āltepietl |
de |
Miexijco. |
in.it |
this |
here |
country |
of |
Mexico |
In
sum, Cárdenas left as a legacy deeds that were good and
beautiful in appearance, in this country of Mexico. |
To
the
index
Gratitude of Martín Méndez towards
Cárdenas
142 |
Principalmente |
naja |
oniejchibili |
tlin |
cuali, |
porque |
oniechtlāocoli |
sie |
principally |
I |
he.did.to.me |
that |
good |
because |
he.gave.me.gratis |
one |
|
perāzo |
tlāli |
para |
cāni |
nitlacuajtas |
naja |
ca |
nosohua, |
piece |
land |
for |
where |
I.will.continually.eat |
I |
with |
my.woman |
|
ca |
tiehua |
nopiljua. |
with |
together.with |
my.children |
More
than to others, he did good to me; he gave me a piece of land to
sustain me and my wife and children. |
143 |
Ini |
tlāli, |
tlā |
āxā |
ipa |
ini |
nānca |
tiempo |
this |
land |
if |
now |
in.it |
this |
here |
time |
|
nicmacani |
inu |
tlāli |
que |
valierijtica |
a |
30 |
pesos |
I.were.to.give.it |
that |
land |
that |
it.is.being.worth |
at |
30 |
pesos |
|
mietro, |
¿quiejquich |
de |
tomi |
nicpiyasquiyāya? |
meter |
how.much |
of |
money |
I.would.have.it |
If
I were to sell that land at the current price of $30 per square meter,
how much money would I have? |
144 |
Sanquienica |
naja |
nicchihua |
cuenta, |
quisa |
ipa |
nocuenta |
setecientos |
according.to |
I |
I.make.it |
account |
it.comes.out |
in.it |
my.account |
seven.hundred |
|
ochenta |
mil |
pesos. |
eighty |
thousand |
pesos |
According
to my calculations, it would come to about $780,000 pesos. |
145 |
¿Amo |
I.am |
nirico? |
not |
I.am |
I.rich |
Aren't
I a rich man? |
To the
index
Current difficulties of Martín
Méndez;
anecdote of the dog and the tortillas
146 |
Pero |
āxā |
nicaca |
nixipetstic. |
but |
now |
estoy |
I.naked |
But
now I am stripped bare. |
147 |
Amo |
tli |
nicpiya. |
not |
that |
I.have.it |
I
haven't got a thing. |
148 |
Nochi |
nohuaxca |
yesquiyāya |
inu |
tlāli. |
all |
mine |
it.would.be |
that |
land |
All
that land would have been mine. |
149 |
Cárdenas |
oniechtlāocoli |
tlaxcali |
para |
naja |
nijcuas. |
Cárdenas |
he.gave.me.gratis |
tortilla |
for |
I |
I.will.eat.it |
Cárdenas
gave me tortillas for me to live on. |
150 |
Nicpohuas |
tepitsi |
tli |
nopa |
omochi |
sie |
tunali |
de |
I.will.tell.it |
a.bit |
that |
on.me |
it.made.itself |
one |
day |
of |
|
cuac |
naja |
niyajtinemiya |
ca |
soltārojte. |
when |
I |
I.was.going.around.going |
with |
soldiers |
Let
me tell a little story from my time in the army. |
151 |
Ye |
sie |
tunali |
otiquisqui |
de |
partida, |
hua |
otasito |
already |
one |
day |
we.went.out |
of |
outing |
and |
we.went.to.arrive |
|
itsintech |
inu |
tepietl |
itucā |
La |
Malinchi. |
at.its.base |
that |
mountain |
its.name |
the |
Malinche |
One
day we went out on a mission and fetched up at the foot of the Malinche
volcano. |
152 |
Itsintech |
inu |
tepietl |
ompaca |
sente |
pueblo. |
at.its.base |
that |
mountain |
it.is.there |
one |
village |
There
is a village there at the foot of the mountain. |
153 |
Ipa |
inu |
pueblo |
otasito |
quieme |
ca |
pa |
ume |
ura. |
in.it |
that |
village |
we.went.to.arrive |
like |
with |
in.it |
two |
hora |
We
arrived in the village about two in the afternoon. |
154 |
Sente |
teniente |
itucā |
Juan |
Moncebais |
oniechmacac |
sie |
pieso, |
one |
lieutenant |
his.name |
John |
Moncebáis |
he.gave.me |
one |
peso |
|
neli |
para |
ma |
nocubi |
tlaxcali |
para |
ma |
nitlacua. |
reportedly |
for |
may |
I.should.buy.myself |
tortilla |
for |
may |
yo.coma |
A
lieutenant, whose name was Juan Moncebáis, gave me a peso to
go buy some tortillas for my food. |
155 |
Cuac |
naja |
onijcohuato |
inu |
tlaxcali |
hua |
ye |
nicbicats |
when |
I |
I.went.and.bought.it |
that |
tortilla |
and |
already |
I.bring.it.here |
|
nomātla, |
onicnāmic |
sente |
chichitu |
bieyi. |
in.my.hand |
I.met.him |
one |
dog |
big |
I'd
bought the tortillas and was bringing them back in my hand, when I met
a big dog. |
156 |
Pos |
cuac |
naja |
onicmat, |
inu |
chichitu |
ocasitiquis |
inu |
well |
when |
I |
I.knew.it |
that |
dog |
he.suddenly.reached.it |
that |
|
tlaxcali |
hua |
oniechmācuilisquiyāya. |
tortilla |
and |
he.was.about.to.snatch.it.from.my.hand |
Before
I realized what was up, that dog had snatched at my tortillas and
nearly yanked them out of my hand. |
157 |
Pero |
naja |
onijquitsqui |
chicāhuac, |
hua |
amo |
nochi |
oquibicac. |
but |
I |
I.held.it.tight |
strong |
and |
not |
all |
he.carried.it |
But
I hung on tight to the tortillas, and the dog didn't manage to take the
whole thing. |
158 |
Pos |
niechcājtiebili |
oc |
sesen |
perāso |
nomāc. |
well |
he.left.to.me.as.he.went |
yet |
one.or.so |
piece |
in.my.hand |
He
went off, leaving me there with just a piece or two in my hand. |
159 |
Yaja |
inu |
onijcua |
- |
solo |
perāzo |
cojcotocme. |
it |
that |
I.ate.it |
- |
only |
piece |
broken.pl |
So,
that's what I ate - just the torn pieces. |
160 |
Inu |
ejiemplo |
nopa |
omochi, |
pero |
naja |
amo |
nicmatiya |
that |
example |
on.me |
it.made.itself |
but |
I |
not |
I.knew.it |
|
tlā |
ijquiu |
nopa |
mochihuas |
sātiepa |
ipa |
nopueblo. |
if |
thus |
on.me |
it.will.make.itself |
afterwards |
in.it |
my.village |
So,
that's what happened to me, as an example, but I didn't realize it was
going to happen to me again in my own village. |
161 |
Don |
Lázaro |
Cárdenas |
niechtlāocolijtiejqui |
miyac |
tlaxcali |
para |
nijcuajtas, |
sir |
Lazarus |
Cárdenas |
he.left.me.as.a.gift |
much |
tortilla |
for |
I.will.be.eating.it |
|
hua |
cali |
para |
cāni |
ninemis |
ca |
nosohua |
hua |
nopiljua. |
and |
house |
for |
where |
I.will.live |
with |
my.woman |
and |
my.children |
Mr.
Lázaro Cárdenas left behind him, as a gift to me,
many tortillas to eat, and a house where I could live with my wife and
children. |
162 |
Pero |
āxā |
amo |
nicpiya |
cāni |
ninemis. |
but |
now |
not |
I.have.it |
where |
I.will.live |
But
now I don't have a place to live. |
163 |
Solo |
ninemi |
tiepal |
Don |
Guillermo |
C. |
Townsend. |
only |
I.live |
by.kindness.of |
sir |
William |
C. |
Townsend |
I'm
just living like a squatter, by the kindness of Mr. William Cameron
Townsend. |
164 |
Pero |
cuac |
mustla |
bictla |
nitlaxijtlatis, |
es |
seguro |
que |
but |
when |
tomorrow |
day.after.tomorrow |
I.cause.disgust |
it.is |
sure |
that |
|
niechtojtocasqui, |
porque |
sa |
tiepal |
nicaca |
noso |
ninemi. |
they.will.run.me.off |
because |
only |
by.kindness |
I.am |
or |
I.live |
But
one of these days, when I wear out my welcome, like as not they'll run
me off, because I'm just here like a squatter. |
To the
index
Rewards in the world to come
165 |
Naja |
nicpiya |
sente |
cali |
ilficac, |
cāni |
uya |
Cárdenas. |
I |
I.have.it |
one |
house |
heaven |
where |
he.went |
Cárdenas |
I
have a house in heaven, where Cárdenas has gone. |
166 |
Cuac |
naja |
o |
nocuerpo |
motlālpachuti, |
noālma |
iyās |
ilficac. |
when |
I |
or |
my.body |
it.will.go.bury.itself |
my.soul |
it.will.go |
heaven |
When
they bury me, or rather my body, my soul will go to heaven. |
167 |
Ompa |
niquijtas |
hua |
niechijtas. |
there |
I.will.see.him |
and |
he.will.see.me |
There
I will see him and he will see me. |
168 |
Ompa |
tlātlalnāmictisqui |
de |
lo |
que |
tli |
tlachihuali |
tijcājtiejqui |
there |
they.will.remember.things |
of |
that |
that |
that |
deed |
we.left.it.behind.when.we.went |
|
ipa |
ini |
nānca |
tlālticpactli. |
in.it |
this |
here |
world |
There
there will be remembrance of the deeds we have left behind us on this
earth. |
169 |
Cárdenas |
ayecmo |
quiema |
quijtasqui |
nimpor |
ayecmo |
quiema |
hualās |
Cárdenas |
no.longer |
when |
they.will.see.him |
nor |
no.longer |
when |
he.will.come |
|
ipa |
nānca |
tlāli, |
pero |
nochi |
amigos |
yāsqui |
cāninca |
Cárdenas. |
in.it |
here |
land |
but |
all |
friends |
they.will.go |
where.he.is |
Cárdenas |
No
one will see Cárdenas any more on this earth, but all those
who are friends will go there where Cárdenas is. |
170 |
Mās |
enemigos |
pajpāqui |
porque |
Cárdenas |
ye |
omomiquili, |
yejua |
although |
enemies |
they.rejoice |
because |
Cárdenas |
already |
he.H.died |
they |
|
nuyijqui |
yāsqui. |
also |
they.will.go |
Even
though Cárdenas' enemies are happy because he has passed on,
they also will go some day. |
171 |
Pero |
ompa |
ayecmo |
āqui |
iyes |
jefe. |
but |
there |
no.longer |
who |
he.will.be |
chief |
But
none of us will be the boss up there. |
To
the
index
Epilogue
172 |
Ipa |
ini |
nānca |
āmatl |
solo |
niquijcuilohua |
sa |
tli |
in.it |
this |
here |
paper |
only |
I.write.it |
only |
that |
|
oquichi |
Cárdenas |
ipa |
ini |
nānca |
pueblo. |
he.did.it |
Cárdenas |
in.it |
this |
here |
village |
In
this document I am only writing just about what Cárdenas did
in this village. |
173 |
Pero |
abeli |
niquijcuilus |
de |
tli |
oquichi |
ipa |
ocsequi |
but |
imposible |
I.will.write.it |
of |
what |
he.did.it |
in.it |
others |
|
pueblos |
porque |
amo |
nicmati |
nimpor |
amo |
oniquijtac |
tli |
villages |
because |
not |
I.know.it |
nor |
not |
I.saw.it |
that |
|
ocsequi. |
others |
I can't write
about
what he may have done in other villages, because I don't know it, nor
did I see what happened in them. |
174 |
Pero |
niquijcuilohua |
ini |
nānca: |
Nochi |
ini |
nānca |
āltepietl |
but |
I.write.it |
this |
here |
all |
this |
here |
country |
|
de |
Miexijco |
ca |
ipiljua |
chojchuca |
por |
Cárdenas. |
of |
Mexico |
with |
sus.hijos |
they.cry |
for |
Cárdenas |
But
I can write this: that this whole country of Mexico and all her
children, mourn for Cárdenas. |
175 |
Porque |
oquicājtie |
sente |
bieyi |
tlalnāmiquilistli |
quiejquich |
ipiljua |
ini |
because |
he.left.it.when.he.went |
one |
big |
remembrance |
how.many |
its.children |
this |
|
nānca |
āltepietl |
de |
Miexijco. |
here |
country |
of |
Mexico |
Because
he left as his legacy a great remembrance for all the children of this
nation of México. |
Cárdenas tlacuajtica
inhua
caltientlāca
Cárdenas eating with country folk
Author: Martín
N. Méndez Huaxcuatitla
Editing and análysis: Richard
S. Pittman
David Tuggy
To
the index
Notes
* The
following conventions and symbols are used in these data:
- Ru Marti
(Martín Méndez, the author of this text) preferred to
write an ā
(a-with-macron),
or, on a typewriter, ä
(a-with-dieresis),
for the vowel written as ö
in other orthographies. In this electronic version it is represented as
ā.
It corresponds to the long a
of Classical Nahuatl and other modern dialects. See the page on the
vowels of Mösiehuali.
- Other orthographic preferences of Ru
Marti are also preserved, such as the use of ts instead of tz or the spelling of the sequence
[Iya]
as iya instead of ia.
- When more than one English word is needed to
translate a
Mösiehuali word, they are joined with
periods. For example, the gloss for quijta
is he.sees.it.
- He, him, and his
are used to gloss third person singular forms when they are likely to
be human, even though animacy and gender are not conveyed by the
Mösiehuali forms. Similarly, it is used when the third person
singular entity is most likely non-human. Independent pronouns are
glossed as if nominative (I,
he, we, they)
even if in context they are used as objects: the Mösiehuali
forms have no indication of grammatical case.
- Honorific
or reverential forms are marked with H..
For example, the gloss for quijtalo
is he.H.sees.it/him,
that is, "honorable 3rd person singular sees 3rd person singular", or
the gloss for tieijta is he.sees.him.H, that is, "3rd
person singular sees honorable third person singular". Extra-honorifics
are marked HH.
- The particle ma
which precedes many subjunctives is glossed may.
It does not indicate (epistemic) possibility or (deontic) permission as
might be supposed from the gloss.
[1]We have generally glossed and
translated the word pueblo
as village rather than town. This was done as an
attempt to preserve the strong distinction in Ru
Marti's usage, and in Mösiehuali
generally, between the people of the pueblos,
who are considered country folk, and city people. The contrast shows up
quite clearly several places in this text, e.g. in the general equation
between the people of the pueblos
and the caltientlācah
'people of the fields' or campesinos,
both glossed as farmers
but sometimes translated as "country folk". (See sentences (6-13) and
especially (131-137).)
[2]Ru
Marti consistently uses honorific forms
(glossed with H.) when
speaking of Townsend, but does not use them with reference to
Cárdenas. This is not for lack of respect towards
Cárdenas, of course. But Cárdenas had died several
years previously (in 1970), and in some sense had become converted into
a historical personage. Townsend, however, was still alive, and was
considered by Ru Marti as
a patrón (employer or patron). In Mösiehuali
one speaks of any living adult in the community, and particularly of
one's patrón, with honorific forms. Ru
Marti also speaks with honorifics of Townsend's first
wife, Elvira Townsend (in sentence (20)), even though she had died more
than thirty years previously. Probably this was out of consideration
for Townsend, bearing in mind the probability that he would be reading
the document.
[3]This first visit of
Cárdenas to Tetelcingo took place on the 21st of January,
1936.
Tetelcingo is part of
the municipio (township or municipality) of Cuautla, and the mayor of
the village is officially called the "ayudante municipal" to the
"presidente municipal" ("municipal helper" to the "municipal
president"), that is, to the President or Mayor of Cuautla. For this
reason the town hall of Tetelcingo, where the "ayudante" and other
officials have their offices, is called the "ayudantía",
rather than the "presidencia" or "palacio municipal" ("municipal
palace"), as it is in other Mexican towns.
[4]
This word is no longer used commonly, and there is some doubt as to its
meaning.
[5]This word, which designates a man
who is not from Tetelcingo, especially one from the city, comes from
the Spanish word for "Christian". The corresponding word for a woman
outsider is xejnula,
which comes from Spanish 'señora' 'madam, lady, Mrs.'
[6]Here Ru
Marti uses an honorific form of Cárdenas, even
though he generally does not do so in this text (see note [2]). This helps express the
surprise that he felt when he suddenly realized that this stranger he
had been ignoring was someone supremely worthy of respect.
[7]The word translated "section" is
an old Spanish term, literally a 'task', designating the amount of land
that can be worked over (cleared, plowed, or planted) in a day.
[8]Interestingly, honorifics are used
of Mr. Genaro Vázquez in this and the following sentence
(117), although they were not earlier (58-59). Perhaps Ru Marti was thinking that Mr.
Vázquez was still living and might conceivably read the
document.
[9]This honorific form of miqui 'die' is used almost without
exception to refer to dead humans; there is something right about
saying that it now means '(human) die (realis), pass on', and that it
no longer is contrastively marked as honorific.
Photographic credits
Most of the photographs in this document are from the William Cameron
Townsend Archives. They are cited with their seven digit identification
number from the Archives, and are used by permission.
- Lázaro
Cárdenas. 6452001
- Cárdenas
greeting a group of farmers and country people. Photo by
Antonio Carrillo Jr., 20 March 1937. 6453801
- Cárdenas
dressed for a visit to the country towns. Ca. 1936. 6452901
- Cameron and
Elvira
Townsend in front of their house. This was a house trailer
that they had brought to Tetelcingo in 1935, to which they had added a
second roof of tile, to keep it cooler and afford more living space.
Photo ca. 1939. 6214401
- Townsend
sitting on
the bull which President Cárdenas had sent for the
people of Tetelcingo. January 1936. 6216501
- Tetelcingan
women
with their children. The bescomatl
is a kind of granary typical of Tetelcingo, with overhanging sides
which squirrels and rats cannot climb. Photo ca. 1937, from the
personal collection of Elaine Townsend.
- A Tetelcingan
woman
sewing. Several sewing machines were among the gifts of
Cárdenas to the people of Tetelcingo. Photo ca. 1937. 6214801
- The
Cárdenas
family in December, 1937. The original is autographed on the
5th of January 1938, and reads "To our friends, the esteemed Townsend
couple. L. Cárdenas." 6453201
- The Méndez
family:
Ru Marti
(Martín), his wife Xohuānajtzi
(Juana), and their daughter Eusebia. Photo ca. 1937. 6217301
- Cárdenas
and Professor Javier Uranga on a visit to Tetelcingo ca.
1937. As the text indicates, Professor Uranga helped the town on a
number of community development projects. 6459101
- Cárdenas
sharing a meal with a group of country folk, happily seated
on their dirt floor. On the right is Lic. Raúl Noriega. Photo
ca. 1936. 6459701
© 2003, David Tuggy
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