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            <title>Chamicuro data: morphophonemic paradigms</title>
            <author>Steve Parker</author>
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            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Chamicuro data: morphophonemic paradigms</hi>
            </p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Datos del chamicuro: paradigmas morfofonémicos</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Steve Parker</p>
            <p>Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics,</p>
            <p>University of North Dakota,</p>
            <p>and SIL International</p>
            <p rend="location &amp; date">
               <hi rend="bold">SIL Language and Culture Documentation and Description<lb/>11</hi>
            </p>
            <p>©2010 Steve Parker, and SIL International<lb/>ISSN 1939-0785</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Fair Use Policy</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Documents published in the Language and Culture Documentation and Description series are intended for scholarly research and educational use. You may make copies of these publications for research or instructional purposes (under fair use guidelines) free of charge and without further permission. Republication or commercial use of Language and Culture Documentation and Description or the documents contained therein is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the copyright holder(s).</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Series Editor</hi>
            </p>
            <p>George Huttar</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Copy Editors</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Betty Philpott</p>
            <p>Mary Ruth Wise</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Compositor</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Judy Benjamin</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Abstract</hi>
            </p>
            <p>In this paper I present a series of nominal and verbal paradigms which illustrate several morphophonemic processes operating in Chamicuro, an extinct Arawakan language of Peru. Both the instructions (metadata) and the glosses for the actual linguistic forms are given in Spanish as well as in English.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Introduction</hi>
            </p>
            <p>In this article I present a series of nominal and verbal paradigms which illustrate several morphophonemic processes operating in the Chamicuro language of Peru. This introductory section of the paper describes the following Chamicuro data, including the purpose of presenting them in this way at this time, and metadata explaining the circumstances surrounding their collection. After these instructions are given in English, a corresponding Spanish translation is also included. The following fonts are used in this article: in the original Word document from which this file was created, I use the default <hi rend="italic">Times New Roman</hi> font for the prose explanations in this introductory section; for all of the phonetically transcribed Chamicuro data forms, on the other hand, I use the <hi rend="italic">Doulos SIL</hi> unicode-compliant font. The latter can be downloaded for free from the SIL International website.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">What is Chamicuro, and where was it spoken?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Chamicuro is a Maipuran Arawakan language formerly spoken in and around the lowland Amazonian village of Pampa Hermosa, Peru, on the eastern bank of the lower Huallaga River, downstream (north) from Yurimaguas and upstream (south) from Lagunas. The approximate GPS coordinates for Pampa Hermosa are S5°24'55" and W75°48'41". The village is located about 65 miles north–northeast of Yurimaguas, near a lake called Achual Tipishca, in the department of Loreto. The ISO 639-3 code for Chamicuro is <ref target="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ccc">
                  <hi rend="italic">ccc</hi>
               </ref>. The endonym (autodenomination) of the language group is [čàmekód͡lo]. The population of ethnic Chamicuros currently living in Pampa Hermosa, i.e., the number of descendents of native speakers, is estimated to be between ten and twenty persons (Pozzi-Escot 1998, Adelaar 2000, Lewis 2009). The main speaker from whom I collected data on the Chamicuro language (see the section on <hi rend="italic">Who provided these data?</hi>) reported that many of the Chamicuros had been carried off to Brazil to work as slaves on rubber plantations during colonial times (cf. Parker 1987).</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">What is the purpose of these data?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>There are two main purposes for presenting these data in electronic format: (1) to document more fully what we know about the Chamicuro language by sharing them with the world, and (2) having arranged them into logical paradigms, it is hoped that they might be useful as a somewhat advanced practical exercise on morphophonemic analysis in a typical linguistics course. For this reason I intentionally include only a minimal amount of formal phonological analysis in this document. Readers who are curious about how these data might best be analyzed should consult the bibliography items listed at the end of this file (after the wordlists), especially my 1988 MA thesis and the corresponding 1991 book, as well as my 1989 article. They are also welcome to contact me (Steve Parker) in person.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">Why are these data important?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>A big and important issue in the current linguistic world is language documentation, especially with respect to languages that are endangered, moribund, etc. (Himmelmann 1998). Since Chamicuro may in fact already be extinct, it is urgent to make available as much data on the language as possible. The Associated Press published an article on language death in the <hi rend="italic">New York Times</hi> in 1999, focusing on Chamicuro, and reported that at that time there was only one native speaker still alive. This scenario serves as the historical background for the present work. Although quite a bit of formal analysis of Chamicuro grammar and phonology has been published, some of the data have been sitting in my unpublished field notes until now, so it is important to share them with the world in this electronic format. Before I left Peru in 1996, one of my SIL colleagues there photocopied most of my handwritten Chamicuro data and archived them with the Biblioteca Nacional and Ministerio de Educación of Peru. See Parker (1985a, 1985b, and 1985c) in the bibliography list at the end of this paper for more details.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">What other published materials on Chamicuro already exist?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>In 1987 my SIL colleague David Payne used the extant Chamicuro morphological data to demonstrate that it is a mainstream Arawakan language. Later, in a major study involving phonological correspondences among shared lexical retentions in other Arawakan languages, he established its more precise genetic classification as Western Maipuran (Payne 1991). The language most closely related to Chamicuro, in a linguistic sense, is Yanesha’ (formerly called <hi rend="italic">Amuesha</hi>). A list of all of the other previously published works on Chamicuro (to my knowledge) is given in the bibliographic references. Three of these were published by the Peru branch of SIL and are available electronically for free download from the following website:</p>
            <p>
               <ref target="http://www.sil.org/americas/peru/show_pubs.asp?pubs=online&amp;code=ccc&amp;Lang=eng">http://www.sil.org/americas/peru/show_pubs.asp?pubs=online&amp;code=ccc&amp;Lang=eng</ref>.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">Who provided these data?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>The primary Chamicuro speaker with whom I worked was Gregorio Orbe Caro, whose Chamicuro name is Lekoli Orwe Karo. He was 75 years old in 1985. His mother was Chamicuro, but I do not recall what, if anything, he said about the ethnicity of his father. Don Gregorio, as I called him in Spanish, was a mother tongue speaker of Chamicuro, but he also spoke Spanish and San Martín Quechua fluently. His wife, who was 64 years old in 1985, was Elisa Sangama Inuma. Both of her parents were Chamicuros, and she was also a mother tongue speaker. Together Gregorio and Elisa had several children, but the latter are probably not fluent speakers of Chamicuro; I presume that all of them communicate primarily in Spanish, as do all of their peers in Pampa Hermosa. In my work on Chamicuro I was also assisted by Alfonso Patow Chota, who at the time resided in Yurimaguas. The father of Don Alfonso, Rodolfo Patow, had been the <hi rend="italic">patrón</hi> in Pampa Hermosa. Alfonso is a mother tongue speaker of Spanish, but he also understands spoken Chamicuro quite well. Don Gregorio was the Chamicuro speaker who served as the source for all of the written transcriptions I made of actual Chamicuro utterances. Don Alfonso also helped with glossing the materials in Spanish, but I did not transcribe any of his pronunciations of Chamicuro speech. Both men were paid for their services. I am indebted to them for their generous collaboration and assistance in studying Chamicuro, and wish to express my appreciation here for their help.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">When were these data collected?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>I personally began direct fieldwork on the Chamicuro language in September 1985, under the auspices of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, now called SIL International. At that time I worked with Gregorio and Alfonso for about one month. In 1987 I contacted them again and worked with them for several more weeks. My third and last period of elicitation was in November 1993, for just a few days.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">Where were these data collected?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>The sessions in 1985 and 1987 took place at the SIL center in Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Peru. In 1993, on the other hand, I worked with Gregorio and Alfonso on location, first in Pampa Hermosa, then in Yurimaguas.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">What kind of data were collected?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>The total corpus of Chamicuro data I collected consists of over 1000 individual lexical items, seven texts (stories) of different genres, and extensive morphosyntactic paradigms. The latter served as the primary basis for the data forms presented here. Unfortunately, as far as I am aware, no audio or video recordings of actual Chamicuro speech exist.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">How were these data elicited?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>In eliciting most of these materials I prompted Gregorio by pronouncing a word or phrase in Spanish, which he then translated and pronounced in Chamicuro. Alfonso helped us by ensuring that the Chamicuro utterances were the best equivalents of the corresponding Spanish expressions.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">How are these data transcribed?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Immediately after Gregorio pronounced each Chamicuro word or phrase (in 1985), I wrote down both utterances (Chamicuro and Spanish) on paper, using the Americanist phonetic alphabet for the Chamicuro expressions. During the sessions in 1987 and 1993, on the other hand, I used a combination of this same phonetic alphabet and a practical phonemic orthography which I had developed in the meantime for publishing books containing Chamicuro data. In the data forms presented here I likewise use the Americanist system of phonetic transcription since that is how most of the work on Chamicuro has been published. I now list and define a few of the more unusual phonetic symbols used in the Chamicuro data later in this paper, including some of their standard equivalents in the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet).</p>
            <p>[a] = [ɑ] = low, central, unrounded vowel</p>
            <p>[š] = [ʃ] = voiceless alveopalatal fricative</p>
            <p>[ṣ̌] = voiceless retroflexed alveopalatal fricative</p>
            <p>[š̯] = voiceless laminal alveolar fricative, an allophone of /š/ before the vowel /i/</p>
            <p>[š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>] = voiceless palatalized laminal alveolar fricative, an allophone of /š/ before the vowel /e/</p>
            <p>[t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>] = [t͡s] = voiceless alveolar affricate</p>
            <p>[č] = [t͡ʃ] = voiceless alveopalatal affricate</p>
            <p>[č̣] = [t͡ṣ̌] = voiceless retroflexed alveopalatal affricate</p>
            <p>[ƚ] = voiceless alveolar lateral fricative, a syllable-final allophone of /l/</p>
            <p>[d͡l] = voiced alveolar lateral affricate, an optional allophone of /l/ between vowels</p>
            <p>[l<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>] = [ʎ] = voiced (alveo)palatal lateral (approximant)</p>
            <p>[ñ] = voiced alveopalatal nasal</p>
            <p>[y] = [j] = voiced palatal glide or approximant</p>
            <p>[ř] = [ɾ] = voiced alveolar tap or flap (in loanwords)</p>
            <p>[ɩ] = [ɪ] = high, front, lax, unrounded vowel, an allophone of /i/ in certain closed syllables</p>
            <p>[x̯] = [ç] = voiceless palatal fricative, an optional allophone of /h/ following the vowel /i/</p>
            <p>[W] = [w̥] = voiceless labial-velar glide (approximant), a syllable-final allophone of /w/ and /h/</p>
            <p>[Y] = [y̥] = voiceless palatal glide (approximant), a syllable-final allophone of /y/</p>
            <p>(i) = an abstract underlying vowel posited for phonological reasons, which is deleted in</p>
            <p>        surface forms</p>
            <p>[aʔ<hi rend="superscript">a</hi>] = an optional, non-phonemic, non-syllabic echo vowel (<hi rend="italic">svarabhakti</hi>)</p>
            <p>[ę] = a nasalized vowel</p>
            <p>[V:] = [Vː] = contrastively lengthened (bimoraic) vowels</p>
            <p>[V́] = vowels bearing primary stress</p>
            <p>[V̀] = vowels bearing secondary stress</p>
            <p>~ = free variation</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">What do these data mean?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Before each set of Chamicuro data which appears later (in the main body of this paper), I indicate whether it involves nouns or verbs. For the latter I also note the tense (present, past, or future). On top of each column of paradigmatically related forms I note the morphological category to which they belong, such as first person singular, etc. I give free translations of the different inflected forms of the first noun root in the following list in order to illustrate the glosses:</p>
            <p>[pekáno]		‘flesh, meat’</p>
            <p>[upekáno]		‘my flesh, my meat’</p>
            <p>[pekáno]		‘your (singular) flesh, your (singular) meat’</p>
            <p>[ipekáno]		‘his/her flesh, his/her meat’</p>
            <p>[apekáno]		‘our flesh, our meat’</p>
            <p>[pekanósi]		‘your (plural) flesh, your (plural) meat’</p>
            <p>[ipekanokána]		‘their flesh, their meat’</p>
            <p>[pekanóči]		‘anybody’s flesh, anybody’s meat’</p>
            <p>The latter form ends with the suffix /-či/, which corresponds to Proto-Arawakan /-t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>i/ that Payne (1987) reconstructed and glosses as ‘absolutive’. This marks obligatorily possessed items (like body parts) which somewhat atypically lack an apparent owner. Now I spell out the meaning of the first verb root in its corresponding inflected forms:</p>
            <p>[upahkawáʔti]		‘I sow, I plant’</p>
            <p>[pahkawáʔti]		‘you (singular) sow, you (singular) plant’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawáʔti]		‘he/she sows, he/she plants’</p>
            <p>[apahkawáʔti]		‘we sow, we plant’</p>
            <p>[pahkawaʔtísi]		‘you (plural) sow, you (plural) plant’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawaʔkána]	‘they sow, they plant’</p>
            <p>[upahkawaʔkáti]	‘I sowed, I planted’</p>
            <p>[pahkawaʔkáti]	‘you (singular) sowed, you (singular) planted’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawaʔkáti]	‘he/she sowed, he/she planted’</p>
            <p>[apahkawaʔkáti]	‘we sowed, we planted’</p>
            <p>[pahkawaʔtiskáti]	‘you (plural) sowed, you (plural) planted’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawaʔkanakáti]	‘they sowed, they planted’</p>
            <p>The corresponding “future” tense forms of this verb are derived in part from the root ‘to go’ and thus more accurately mean ‘going to’:</p>
            <p>[upahkawaʔyéʔti]	‘I am going to sow, I am going to plant’</p>
            <p>[pahkawaʔyéʔti]	‘you (singular) are going to sow, you (singular) are going to plant’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawaʔyéʔti]	‘he/she is going to sow, he/she is going to plant’</p>
            <p>[apahkawaʔyéʔti]	‘we are going to sow, we are going to plant’</p>
            <p>[pahkawaʔyeʔtísi]	‘you (plural) are going to sow, you (plural) are going to plant’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawaʔyeʔkána]	‘they are going to sow, they are going to plant’</p>
            <p>The contrast between a transitive verb root conjugated with and without a direct object pronoun is illustrated by the various forms of ‘help, protect’ vs. ‘help it, protect it’. Among the latter, third person plural forms such as [imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtalekána] can be somewhat ambiguous in terms of whether the subject or the object is pluralized. Thus this word could mean either ‘they help it’ or ‘he/she helps them’. Nevertheless, in the default case the plurality takes scope over the subject, not the object. (This word could also be translated ‘they help him’ or ‘they help her.’) The same is true of the third person plural nouns; for example, [ikahpukána] normally means ‘their bone’, but it could also mean ‘his or her bones’.</p>
            <p>As far as I am aware, the default, unmarked patterns of inflection exemplified in this paper are fully productive in the sense that they can be used with any semantically compatible noun or verb root. These roots are split into two somewhat arbitrary groups which I label “Class 1” and “Class 2”. Obviously, they could just as easily be called “A” and “B”, etc. Class 1 seems to be more statistically robust than Class 2, meaning that it contains more exemplars, among both nouns and verbs.</p>
            <p>The English and Spanish glosses appearing in the following data tables give the basic meaning of each lexical root. In addition, the abbreviation <hi rend="italic">tr</hi> indicates a verb which ends with the transitivizing suffix /-ne/. For example, /utilišne/ could be translated ‘I wipe or clean something’. The following abbreviations are also used:</p>
            <p>1	first person</p>
            <p>2	second person</p>
            <p>3	third person</p>
            <p>adj	adjective</p>
            <p>esp.	especie (Spanish for ‘species’)</p>
            <p>f	feminine</p>
            <p>lit.	literally</p>
            <p>m	masculine</p>
            <p>n	noun</p>
            <p>pl	plural</p>
            <p>Q	Quechua</p>
            <p>S	Spanish</p>
            <p>sg	singular</p>
            <p>sp.	species</p>
            <p>tr	transitive</p>
            <p>v	verb</p>
            <p>v.	vide (‘see’)</p>
            <p>As a final clarification I note that some of these Chamicuro words have been regularized in the sense that certain optional free variation is suppressed and I therefore present only those canonical forms which seem to be prescriptively correct, as indicated by the fact that Don Gregorio tended to pronounce them in slower, more careful speech.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">How are these data arranged?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>In the main body of this paper I present all of the nominal forms first, then all of the verbal forms. Within each of these two subgroups I first list those forms corresponding to singular owners (nouns) or subjects (verbs), then the plural forms. Within all of these categories I also list the first person forms first, then second person, then third. In the next column after the third person plural nouns I give the corresponding ‘absolutive’ forms. The verbs are also separated by tense: first all of the present tense forms are presented, then all of the past tense forms, then “future”. Within these noun and verb sets I also group the roots by whether they belong to Class 1 or Class 2, as described under the heading <hi rend="italic">What do these data mean?</hi> In addition, within each individual “table” of related data, the forms are listed roughly in order of the relative sonority of the first phonetic segment of the lexical root. Furthermore, after all of the future tense verbal forms are presented, I then list a few other miscellaneous phenomena: verbs with object pronouns, reciprocal verbs, stative verbs, negative verbs, and imperative verbs. Finally, I note a few other pieces of data that will be relevant and important to take into account if someone wishes to carry out a complete formal analysis of these Chamicuro paradigms.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">How accurate and reliable are these data?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Unlike the typical SIL field program, my work eliciting Chamicuro data took place during relatively short periods of time, and with only one native speaker. Consequently, given these limitations I did not enjoy the benefits of testing my analysis and hypotheses in multiple settings over many years with numerous speakers. Therefore, I hesitate to consider these transcriptions and glosses to be absolutely conclusive, unlike those in a dictionary and/or reference grammar which represents the accumulated knowledge of several decades of in-depth fieldwork. Nevertheless, during my three sessions of contact with the Chamicuro speakers, I did have occasion to recheck much of my data — for example, in the context of isolated wordlists vs. morphophonemic paradigms vs. spontaneous texts. As a result, we can be confident that the majority of the Chamicuro forms presented here are accurate to a large degree. In those cases when I do still have doubts about the correct transcription and/or glossing, I try to indicate this by noting fluctuating pronunciations (free variation), alternative meanings, etc. In the long run it is certainly better to share the data that I do have, with appropriate caveats, than to not publish any of them at all.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">
                  <pb/>How complete and exhaustive are these data?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>The list of data forms appearing at the end of this introductory section constitutes the entire set of Chamicuro words elicited to date that illustrate how nouns and verbs are productively inflected in the default (regular) case. Nevertheless, as indicated in the previous paragraph (<hi rend="italic">How accurate and reliable are these data?</hi>), I may have intentionally left out of this paper a few Chamicuro paradigmatic forms due to uncertainty on my part about their correct transcription and/or glossing.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">What other Chamicuro data are also available on this same website?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>In addition to this file, we also plan to post at this same venue similar documents containing the following (sub)sets of Chamicuro data: (1) a 207 item Swadesh list; (2) a list of words illustrating the three allophones of the lateral phoneme /l/; (3) a list of words illustrating the laryngeal phonemes /h/ and /ʔ/; (4) a list of words borrowed from Spanish and Quechua; and (5) a more or less exhaustive list of all of the individual Chamicuro lexical items that I collected.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">Who can use these data?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>With respect to informed consent on the part of the Chamicuro speakers, when I began to work with them in 1985, this was not an ethical issue that preoccupied most of the linguistic world to the degree that it does now. Consequently, I did not prepare any type of written or recorded document to formally obtain their permanent permission to disseminate the data they provided. Nevertheless, they were aware of SIL’s intention to share these with the world, although, of course, at that time the Internet obviously had not yet been invented. Furthermore, in subsequent visits to Pampa Hermosa I distributed to the speakers, their families, and the village leaders several copies of the books which we had produced by that time, and no objections on the part of any of these people were ever expressed to me. Therefore, it seems reasonable to make these data freely available to the public in this format for the purposes of academic study. As far as I am concerned these data can be printed out, copied, analyzed, and used in derivative works for non-profit purposes, provided that this document is cited as the primary source, and Mr. Gregorio Orbe Caro is acknowledged as the Chamicuro speaker who provided these forms. On May 4, 2009, the Committee which oversees human subjects research carried out by members of the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics (Dallas) granted us approval to publish this paper, as long as the disclaimers noted above are included.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">What if I notice an apparent mistake in this file?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>In spite of my efforts to keep these data as “clean” as possible, it is not unlikely that an error or two may have crept in somewhere. If a reader happens to spot something in this document which seems to be inconsistent or a mistake, please do not hesitate to report it to me, the author, at the following address: <ref target="mailto:steve-monica_parker@sil.org">steve-monica_parker@sil.org</ref>.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">
                  <pb/>Acknowledgements</hi>
            </p>
            <p>I am grateful to the following colleagues (in alphabetical order) for their comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this paper: Mike Cahill, Tom Headland, Ken Olson, Arden Sanders, Gary Simons, Mary Ruth Wise, and Tom Woodward. I also thank Mónica Parker (my wife) and Giuliana López for reviewing the Spanish version of these instructions and data. Also, Jim Roberts helped me determine the precise location of Pampa Hermosa on the map, i.e., its GPS coordinates.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Introducción</hi>
            </p>
            <p>En este artículo se presenta una serie de paradigmas nominales y verbales que ilustran varios procesos morfofonémicos que operan en el chamicuro, una lengua del Perú. En esta sección introductoria del manuscrito se describen los datos del chamicuro que se presentan a continuación. Esta descripción incluye dos partes: (1) el propósito que se tuvo al presentarlos en esta forma y (2) varios metadatos que explican las circunstancias en torno a su recopilación. Líneas arriba estas mismas instrucciones se presentan también en inglés. En este artículo se utilizan las siguientes fuentes tipográficas: en el archivo original a partir del cual se creó este documento (Word.doc), se utiliza por defecto la fuente <hi rend="italic">Times New Roman</hi> para las instrucciones en esta sección introductoria. Para transcribir los datos fonológicos en chamicuro, en cambio, se utiliza la fuente <hi rend="italic">Doulos SIL</hi>, la cual cumple con los requisitos del unicode. Ésta se puede bajar gratuitamente del sitio del ILV (SIL International).</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Qué es el chamicuro, y dónde se hablaba?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>El chamicuro es una lengua de la familia maipuré del tronco arahuaco que anteriormente se hablaba en las cercanías del pueblo amazónico de Pampa Hermosa, Perú, en la orilla oriental del río Bajo Huallaga, abajo (al norte) de Yurimaguas y arriba (al sur) de Lagunas. Las coordenadas GPS aproximadas de Pampa Hermosa son Sur5°24'55" y Oeste75°48'41". El pueblo se ubica aproximadamente a 105 kilómetros al nor-noreste de Yurimaguas, cerca de un lago llamado Achual Tipishca, en el departamento de Loreto. El código ISO 639-3 para el chamicuro es <ref target="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ccc">
                  <hi rend="italic">ccc</hi>
               </ref>. El endónimo (autodenominación) que los hablantes mismos usaban para referirse a su propio grupo y lengua es [čàmekód͡lo]. La población de chamicuros étnicos que actualmente residen en Pampa Hermosa, es decir, la cantidad de descendientes de los hablantes nativos, se estima entre diez y viente personas (Pozzi-Escot 1998, Adelaar 2000, Lewis 2009). El hablante principal quien me proveyó estos datos de la lengua chamicuro (véase la sección <hi rend="italic">¿Quién proveyó estos datos?</hi>) me informó que durante la época colonial, muchos de los chamicuros fueron llevados como esclavos a Brasil para trabajar en las plantaciones de caucho (cfr. Parker 1987).</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Cuál es el propósito de estos datos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Hay dos razones principales para presentar estos datos en forma electrónica: (1) documentar de una manera más completa lo que sabemos acerca de la lengua chamicuro, al compartirlos con todo el mundo, y (2) al arreglarlos en paradigmas lógicos, se espera que se puedan utilizar como un ejercicio más o menos avanzado y práctico en el análisis morfofonémico dentro de un curso lingüístico típico. Por este motivo de manera intencional incluyo sólo una cantidad mínima de análisis fonológico formal en este documento. Si alguien quiere profundizar en el análisis de estas expresiones, debe consultar las referencias bibliográficas que se enumeran al final de este archivo, especialmente mi tesis de maestría de 1988 y el correspondiente libro publicado en 1991, así como mi artículo que fue publicado en el año 1989. También pueden comunicarse conmigo personalmente (Steve Parker).</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Por qué son importantes estos datos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Un tema muy importante en el mundo lingüístico actual es la documentación de los idiomas minoritarios, sobre todo los que están en peligro o ya en vías de extinción, etc. (Himmelmann 1998). Dada la probabilidad de que el chamicuro ya esté extinto, es urgente que pongamos todos nuestros datos al alcance del público tan pronto como sea posible. En 1999 la Associated Press publicó en el <hi rend="italic">New York Times</hi> un artículo sobre la muerte de las lenguas, enfocándose en el chamicuro, y reportó que en ese momento existía un solo nativohablante del idioma. Esta situación sirve de trasfondo histórico a esta obra. Aunque ya se han publicado bastantes análisis formales de la gramática y la fonología del chamicuro, algunos de los datos inéditos se encuentran solamente en mis archivos personales de campo. Por lo tanto, conviene que los compartamos con el mundo en este formato electrónico. Antes de terminar mi trabajo en el Perú en 1996, uno de mis colegas allí (otro miembro del ILV) sacó fotocopias de la mayoría de mis datos sobre el chamicuro escritos a mano y archivó los mismos en la Biblioteca Nacional y el Ministerio de Educación del Perú. En la lista bibliográfica al final de este trabajo remítase a Parker 1985a, 1985b y 1985c para mayores detalles.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Cuáles son los otros materiales publicados sobre el chamicuro que ya existen?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>En 1987 uno de mis colegas del ILV, David Payne, utilizó los datos morfológicos existentes del chamicuro para demostrar el hecho de que es una lengua arahuaca prototípica. Luego realizó un estudio profundo acerca de las correspondencias fonológicas entre el léxico común de varios otros idiomas arahuacos y estableció que el chamicuro pertenece más precisamente a la rama occidental del maipuré (Payne 1991). La lengua más cercana al chamicuro, en términos lingüísticos, es el yanesha’ (que anteriormente se llamaba <hi rend="italic">amuesha</hi>). Al final de este archivo se presenta una lista de todas las demás obras previamente publicadas sobre el chamicuro (según mi entender). Tres de estos libros se publicaron bajo los auspicios del ILV en el Perú, y se pueden bajar gratuitamente en forma electrónica del siguiente sitio de Internet: <ref target="http://www.sil.org/americas/peru/show_pubs.asp?pubs=online&amp;code=ccc&amp;Lang=spa">http://www.sil.org/americas/peru/show_pubs.asp?pubs=online&amp;code=ccc&amp;Lang=spa</ref>.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Quién proveyó estos datos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>El hablante chamicuro quien principalmente me ayudó en este trabajo fue el señor Gregorio Orbe Caro. Su nombre chamicuro es Lekoli Orwe Karo. En el año 1985 tenía 75 años de edad. Su madre fue de origen chamicuro, pero no me acuerdo qué detalles me contó acerca de la filiación étnica de su padre. Don Gregorio, como yo solía llamarlo en español, era nativohablante del chamicuro, pero también hablaba español y el quechua de San Martín a la perfección. Su esposa, Elisa Sangama Inuma, tenía 64 años en 1985. Ambos padres de ella eran de origen chamicuro, y ella también era nativohablante de la lengua. Gregorio y Elisa tuvieron varios hijos, pero es probable que éstos no hablen el chamicuro con fluidez. Se supone que ellos se comunican en español como primera lengua, al igual que todos los demás descendientes de los chamicuros que viven en Pampa Hermosa actualmente. El señor Alfonso Patow Chota, quien en ese entonces vivía en Yurimaguas, también ayudó en el estudio del chamicuro. El padre de don Alfonso, Rodolfo Patow, había sido el patrón en Pampa Hermosa. Alfonso hablaba el español como primera lengua, pero también comprendía el chamicuro bastante bien cuando Gregorio hablaba. Don Gregorio fue la única fuente de donde se obtuvieron todas las palabras, oraciones y textos orales que sirvieron de base a las transcripciones escritas que hice del chamicuro oral. Al mismo tiempo, don Alfonso nos ayudó a glosar todos los materiales en español, pero no hice transcripción alguna de su pronunciación del habla chamicuro. A ambos caballeros les pagamos por su colaboración. En verdad tengo una gran deuda con los dos por su valiosa ayuda al estudiar el chamicuro, y quisiera aprovechar esta oportunidad para reiterarles mi profunda gratitud.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Cuándo se recopilaron estos datos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Empecé a trabajar personalmente con la lengua chamicuro en septiembre del 1985, en mi calidad de miembro del Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. Actualmente esta organización se conoce en inglés como <hi rend="italic">SIL International</hi>. En aquel tiempo trabajé con don Gregorio y don Alfonso aproximadamente durante un mes. En 1987 me puse en contacto con ellos nuevamente y trabajamos durante varias semanas adicionales. Mi tercera y última sesión de elicitación tuvo lugar en noviembre del 1993, durante unos días.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Dónde se recopilaron estos datos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Las sesiones de 1985 y 1987 se llevaron a cabo en el centro del ILV en Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Perú. En 1993, en cambio, trabajamos <hi rend="italic">in situ</hi>, primero en Pampa Hermosa, y después en Yurimaguas.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Qué tipos de datos se recopilaron?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>El corpus total de datos del chamicuro que elicité consiste en más de 1000 palabras léxicas individuales, siete textos (historias) de diferentes géneros, y extensos paradigmas morfosintácticos. Éstos sirvieron de base principal a los datos que se presentan aquí. Desafortunadamente hasta donde yo sé, no existe ninguna grabación oral ni visual del habla chamicuro viva.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Cómo se elicitaron estos datos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Para elicitar estos datos le decía a don Gregorio una palabra o frase en español, y él traducía y pronunciaba la expresión equivalente en chamicuro. Don Alfonso nos ayudaba escuchando atentamente para asegurarse que las expresiones en chamicuro tuvieran las mejores expresiones equivalentes en español.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">
                  <pb/>¿Cómo se han transcrito estos datos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>A medida que don Gregorio pronunciaba cada palabra o frase en chamicuro (en 1985), yo escribía ambas expresiones (chamicuro y español) en papel, utilizando el alfabeto fonético americanista para las expresiones en chamicuro. Durante las sesiones en 1987 y 1993, sin embargo, utilicé una combinación del mismo alfabeto fonético y una ortografía fonémica práctica que yo había desarrollado para publicar materiales en chamicuro. En los datos que se presentan aquí, también usamos el sistema de transcripción americanista puesto que la mayoría de las obras publicadas que incluyen datos del chamicuro emplean este sistema. A continuación enumeramos y definimos algunos de los símbolos fonéticos que se usan para transcribir los datos chamicuros en este artículo, incluyendo sus equivalentes básicos en el AFI (Alfabeto Fonético Internacional o IPA por sus siglas en inglés).</p>
            <p>[a] = [ɑ] = vocal baja, central, y no redondeada</p>
            <p>[š] = [ʃ] = fricativa alveopalatal sorda</p>
            <p>[ṣ̌] = fricativa alveopalatal retrofleja sorda</p>
            <p>[š̯] = fricativa laminoalveolar sorda, un alófono de /š/ delante de la vocal /i/</p>
            <p>[š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>] = fricativa laminoalveolar palatalizada sorda, un alófono de /š/ delante de la vocal /e/</p>
            <p>[t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>] = [t͡s] = africada alveolar sorda</p>
            <p>[č] = [t͡ʃ] = africada alveopalatal sorda</p>
            <p>[č̣] = [t͡ṣ̌] = africada alveopalatal retrofleja sorda</p>
            <p>[ƚ] = fricativa lateral alveolar sorda, un alófono de /l/ que aparece en posición final de sílaba</p>
            <p>[d͡l] = africada lateral alveolar sonora, un alófono optativo de /l/ entre vocales</p>
            <p>[l<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>] = [ʎ] = lateral (alveo)palatal sonora (aproximante)</p>
            <p>[ñ] = nasal alveopalatal sonora</p>
            <p>[y] = [j] = semiconsonante o aproximante palatal sonora</p>
            <p>[ř] = [ɾ] = vibrante simple alveolar sonora (en las palabras prestadas)</p>
            <p>[ɩ] = [ɪ] = vocal alta, anterior, no tensa, y no redondeada, un alófono de /i/ en ciertas sílabas</p>
            <p>     cerradas</p>
            <p>[x̯] = [ç] = fricativa palatal sorda, un alófono optativo de /h/ después de la vocal /i/</p>
            <p>[W] = [w̥] = semiconsonante (aproximante) labial-velar sorda, un alófono de /w/ y /h/ en</p>
            <p>        posición final de sílaba</p>
            <p>[Y] = [y̥] = semiconsonante (aproximante) palatal sorda, un alófono de /y/ en posición final de</p>
            <p>       sílaba</p>
            <p>(i) = una vocal subyacente abstracta que se ha postulado por motivos fonológicos, la cual se</p>
            <p>        suprime en las formas superficiales</p>
            <p>[aʔ<hi rend="superscript">a</hi>] = una vocal “eco” no silábica y no fonémica optativa (<hi rend="italic">svarabhakti</hi>)</p>
            <p>[ę] = una vocal nasalizada</p>
            <p>[V:] = [Vː] = vocales alargadas (bimoraicas) contrastivas</p>
            <p>[V́] = vocales que llevan un acénto fonético primario</p>
            <p>[V̀] = vocales que llevan un acento fonético secundario</p>
            <p>~ = variación libre</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">
                  <pb/>¿Qué significan estos datos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Antes de cada juego de datos del chamicuro que aparece líneas abajo (en la sección principal de este artículo), se indica si es que se trata de sustantivos o verbos. En cuanto a estos últimos, también se indica el tiempo gramatical en que están (presente, pasado, o futuro). Encima de cada columna de formas paradigmáticamente relacionadas se indica la categoría morfológica a la que pertenecen, como primera persona del singular, etc. A continuación se presenta una traducción libre de las formas inflexionadas de la primera raíz nominal que se encuentra en la tabla de datos, para ilustrar sus glosas:</p>
            <p>[pekáno]		‘carne’</p>
            <p>[upekáno]		‘mi carne’</p>
            <p>[pekáno]		‘tu carne’</p>
            <p>[ipekáno]		‘su carne (de él o de ella)</p>
            <p>[apekáno]		‘nuestra carne’</p>
            <p>[pekanósi]		‘su carne (de ustedes)’</p>
            <p>[ipekanokána]		‘su carne (de ellos o de ellas)’</p>
            <p>[pekanóči]		‘cualquier carne, o carne de cualquier persona’</p>
            <p>Esta última forma termina con el sufijo /-či/, el cual corresponde al morfema /-t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>i/ del proto-arahuaco que Payne (1987) reconstruyó y que glosa como ‘absolutivo’. Este sufijo marca los objetos que obligatoriamente tienen que ser poseídos (como las partes del cuerpo), pero que se encuentran en una situación atípica en la que carecen de un dueño obvio. Ahora se presentan los significados correspondientes de la primera raíz verbal en sus respectivas formas inflexionadas:</p>
            <p>[upahkawáʔti]		‘siembro’</p>
            <p>[pahkawáʔti]		‘siembras’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawáʔti]		‘(él o ella) siembra’</p>
            <p>[apahkawáʔti]		‘sembramos (presente)’</p>
            <p>[pahkawaʔtísi]		‘(ustedes) siembran’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawaʔkána]	‘(ellos o ellas) siembran’</p>
            <p>[upahkawaʔkáti]	‘sembré’</p>
            <p>[pahkawaʔkáti]	‘sembraste’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawaʔkáti]	‘(él o ella) sembró’</p>
            <p>[apahkawaʔkáti]	‘sembramos (pasado)’</p>
            <p>[pahkawaʔtiskáti]	‘(ustedes) sembraron’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawaʔkanakáti]	‘(ellos o ellas) sembraron’</p>
            <p>Las correspondientes formas “futuras” de este verbo se derivan en parte de la raíz que significa ‘ir’ y por lo tanto con más precisión quieren decir ‘ir a’:</p>
            <p>[upahkawaʔyéʔti]	‘voy a sembrar’</p>
            <p>[pahkawaʔyéʔti]	‘vas a sembrar’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawaʔyéʔti]	‘(él o ella) va a sembrar’</p>
            <p>[apahkawaʔyéʔti]	‘vamos a sembrar’</p>
            <p>[pahkawaʔyeʔtísi]	‘(ustedes) van a sembrar’</p>
            <p>[ipahkawaʔyeʔkána]	‘(ellos o ellas) van a sembrar’</p>
            <p>El contraste entre una raíz verbal transitiva conjugada con un pronombre personal como objeto directo y sin él se ilustra con las diferentes formas de ‘ayudar, proteger’ vs. ‘ayudarlo, protegerlo’. Entre estas últimas, las formas de la tercera persona del plural como [imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtalekána] son algo ambiguas en cuanto a si la pluralización se aplica al sujeto o al objeto. Así que esta palabra podría significar tanto ‘ellos/ellas lo ayudan’ como ‘él/ella los ayuda’. Sin embargo, en el caso por defecto, la pluralidad modifica al sujeto, y no al objeto. (Esta palabra también podría traducirse ‘ellos la ayudan (a ella).’) Lo mismo se puede decir acerca de los sustantivos plurales de la tercera persona; por ejemplo, [ikahpukána] normalmente quiere decir ‘su hueso (de ellos/ellas)’, pero también significa ‘sus huesos (de él o de ella)’.</p>
            <p>Hasta donde yo sé, los patrones de inflexión no marcados y por defecto que se ejemplifican en este trabajo son completamente productivos en el sentido de que pueden aplicarse a cualquier raíz nominal o verbal que es semánticamente compatible. Estas raíces se han dividido en dos grupos más o menos arbitrarios que se denotan como “Clase 1” y “Clase 2”. Obviamente, también podrían llamarse de igual modo “A” y “B”, etc. La Clase 1 parece ser más frecuente desde el punto de vista estadístico, o sea, abarca más ejemplares, tanto entre los sustantivos como entre los verbos.</p>
            <p>Las glosas en inglés y español que aparecen en las tablas de datos líneas abajo expresan el significado básico de cada entrada léxica. Además, la abreviatura <hi rend="italic">tr</hi> indica un verbo que termina con el sufijo transitivizador /-ne/. Por ejemplo, /utilišne/ podría traducirse como ‘(yo) limpio algo’. También se utilizan las siguientes abreviaturas:</p>
            <p>1	primera persona</p>
            <p>2	segunda persona</p>
            <p>3	tercera persona</p>
            <p>adj	adjetivo</p>
            <p>esp.	especie de</p>
            <p>f	femenino</p>
            <p>lit.	literalmente</p>
            <p>m	masculino</p>
            <p>n	sustantivo</p>
            <p>pl	plural</p>
            <p>Q	quechua</p>
            <p>S	español</p>
            <p>sg	singular</p>
            <p>sp.	species (inglés)</p>
            <p>tr	transitivo</p>
            <p>v	verbo</p>
            <p>v.	vide (véase)</p>
            <p>Por último, debo aclarar que algunas de estas palabras del chamicuro han sido regularizadas en el sentido de que cierta variación libre optativa se ha omitido y por lo tanto sólo presento aquí las formas canónicas que parecen ser correctas desde un punto de vista prescriptivo. Esto fue indicado por el hecho que don Gregorio tenía la tendencia de pronunciar las palabras así cuando hablaba en una forma lenta y más cuidadosa.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">
                  <pb/>¿Cómo están organizados estos datos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>En el corpus principal de este artículo se presentan todas las formas nominales primero, y luego todas las formas verbales. Dentro de cada uno de estos dos subgrupos se enumeran primero las formas que corresponden a los dueños singulares (sustantivos) o sujetos singulares (verbos), y entonces las formas plurales. Dentro de todas estas categorías se presentan, en primer lugar, las formas de la primera persona, luego las de la segunda persona, y por último las de la tercera persona. En la siguiente columna después de las formas de tercera persona del plural, aparecen las correspondientes formas “absolutivas”. Los verbos también se encuentran separados de acuerdo a su tiempo: primero se enumeran todas las formas del presente, luego todas las formas del pasado, y finalmente las del “futuro”. Dentro de cada juego de sustantivos y verbos se agrupan las raíces según pertenezcan a la Clase 1 o a la Clase 2, como se describió líneas arriba bajo el título <hi rend="italic">¿Qué significan estos datos?</hi> Además, dentro de cada “tabla” individual de datos relacionados, las formas se presentan en orden más o menos de acuerdo a la sonoridad relativa del primer segmento fonético de la raíz léxica. Es más, después de que se presentan todas las formas verbales del tiempo futuro, enumeramos unos cuantos fenómenos misceláneos: los verbos que contienen objetos pronominales, los verbos recíprocos, los verbos estativos, los verbos negativos, y los verbos imperativos. Por último, se observan unos cuantos datos adicionales que serán relevantes e importantes en el caso de que alguien quiera llevar a cabo un análisis formal completo de estos paradigmas del chamicuro.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Hasta qué punto podemos confiar en que estos datos son correctos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>El trabajo que llevé a cabo para elicitar datos del chamicuro fue diferente del que se lleva a cabo para un programa de campo típico del ILV; pues solamente duró tiempos cortos, y conté con la ayuda de un solo hablante nativo. Por lo tanto, debido a estas limitaciones no disfruté de los beneficios de comprobar mi análisis e hipótesis durante varias sesiones, por muchos años, y con múltiples hablantes. Como consecuencia de esta situación, no considero que mis transcripciones y glosas sean absolutamente concluyentes, a diferencia de los datos que aparecen en un diccionario o gramática que sirve de referencia y que representa el conocimiento profundo de una lengua después de varias décadas de trabajo de campo detallado. Sin embargo, durante las tres sesiones en que tuve contacto con los hablantes del chamicuro, sí pude reconfirmar la mayoría de mis datos — por ejemplo, en el contexto de listas de palabras aisladas vs. paradigmas morfofonémicos vs. textos espontáneos. En consecuencia, podemos confiar en que la mayoría de las formas del chamicuro que se presentan aquí son correctas casi en su totalidad. En los casos en los que aún tengo dudas acerca de la transcripción o la glosa, procuro indicar esto al anotar formas fluctuantes (variación libre), significados alternativos, etc. A largo plazo es sin duda mejor compartir los datos que sí tengo, con las advertencias del caso, en vez de no publicar ninguno.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Hasta qué punto podemos confiar en que estos datos son completos y exhaustivos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>La lista de formas (datos) que aparece al final de esta sección introductoria constituye el juego total de palabras del chamicuro, elicitadas hasta la fecha, que ilustra cómo se inflexionan en esta lengua los sustantivos y verbos de manera productiva, o sea, en el caso por defecto (regular). Sin embargo, como indiqué en el párrafo anterior (<hi rend="italic">¿Hasta qué punto podemos confiar en que estos datos son correctos?</hi>), es posible que a propósito yo haya omitido en este artículo unas cuantas formas paradigmáticas del chamicuro debido a la incertidumbre de mi parte acerca de su transcripción y/o glosa correcta.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Qué otros datos del chamicuro también están disponibles en este mismo sitio de Internet?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Además de este archivo, también tenemos la intención de colgar en este mismo lugar otros documentos semejantes que contengan los siguientes (sub)grupos de datos del chamicuro: (1) una lista Swadesh que contiene 207 entradas; (2) una lista de palabras que ilustran los tres alófonos del fonema lateral /l/; (3) una lista de palabras que ilustran los fonemas laríngeos /h/ y /ʔ/; (4) una lista de palabras prestadas del español y quechua; y (5) una lista casi exhaustiva de todas las palabras léxicas individuales del chamicuro que recolecté.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Quiénes pueden usar estos datos?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Con respecto al consentimiento otorgado por los hablantes del chamicuro, cuando empecé a trabajar con ellos en 1985, este tema ético todavía no había adquirido la importancia que ha llegado a tener actualmente. Por consiguiente, no preparé ningún tipo de documento escrito o grabado para obtener su consentimiento permanente a fin de diseminar los datos que ellos proveyeron. Sin embargo, les habíamos explicado la intención que tenía el ILV de compartir estos datos públicamente, aunque desde luego el Internet todavía no existía. Además, en visitas posteriores que hice a Pampa Hermosa, distribuimos ejemplares de los libros ya producidos a los hablantes, a sus familias y a los jefes del pueblo, y ninguna de estas personas se opuso a esa situación. Por lo tanto, parece que es apropiado poner estos datos al libre alcance del público en este formato para su respectivo estudio académico. En cuanto a lo que a mí se refiere, hay completa libertad de imprimir estos datos, copiarlos, analizarlos y usarlos en obras secundarias (derivadas) sin fines de lucro, con tal que se cite a este documento como la fuente principal, y se le reconozca al señor Gregorio Orbe Caro como el hablante chamicuro que proveyó estas formas. El 4 de mayo del 2009 en Dallas, Texas, el Comité que supervisa las investigaciones con seres humanos llevadas a cabo por los miembros del Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics (Instituto Graduado de Lingüística Aplicada) aprobó la publicación de este manuscrito, siempre y cuando se incluyan los descargos de responsabilidad mencionados anteriormente.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">¿Qué debo hacer si me doy cuenta de un posible error en este archivo?</hi>
            </p>
            <p>A pesar de mis esfuerzos por mantener estos datos en una forma lo más “limpia” posible, es probable que uno o dos errores se encuentren aquí todavía. Si un lector se da cuenta de que algo en este documento parece que es inconsistente o erróneo, por favor no tenga dudas de informármelo, en mi calidad de autor, a la siguiente dirección: <ref target="mailto:steve-monica_parker@sil.org">steve-monica_parker@sil.org</ref>.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="italic">Agradecimientos</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Agradezco a los siguientes colegas (en orden alfabético) por sus comentarios y sugerencias en cuanto a las versiones anteriores de este artículo: Mike Cahill, Tom Headland, Ken Olson, Arden Sanders, Gary Simons, Mary Ruth Wise, y Tom Woodward. Gracias también a Mónica Parker (mi esposa) y a Giuliana López por revisar la versión española de estas instrucciones y datos. Además, Jim Roberts me ayudó a determinar la ubicación precisa de Pampa Hermosa en el mapa, es decir, sus coordenadas GPS.</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Wordlists</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Possessed nouns (the genitive construction), Class 1</p>
            <p>Sustantivos poseídos (la construcción genitiva), Clase 1</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">my___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">your (sg)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">his/her___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">unpossessed</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">mi___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">tu___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">su (de él o de ella)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">no poseído</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upekáno</cell>
                  <cell>pekáno</cell>
                  <cell>ipekáno</cell>
                  <cell>pekáno</cell>
                  <cell>meat, flesh</cell>
                  <cell>carne</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upnahmud͡léʔte</cell>
                  <cell>pnahmud͡léʔte</cell>
                  <cell>ipnahmud͡léʔte</cell>
                  <cell>pnahmúd͡le</cell>
                  <cell>swamp, marsh</cell>
                  <cell>pantano</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upod͡lawaʔtíne</cell>
                  <cell>pod͡lawaʔtíne</cell>
                  <cell>ipod͡lawaʔtíne</cell>
                  <cell>pod͡lawáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>cloud</cell>
                  <cell>nube</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utakód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>takód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>itakód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>takód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>elbow</cell>
                  <cell>codo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utimilíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>timilíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>itimilíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>timíli</cell>
                  <cell>wind, air, breeze</cell>
                  <cell>viento, aire, brisa</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utópi</cell>
                  <cell>tópi</cell>
                  <cell>itópi</cell>
                  <cell>tópi</cell>
                  <cell>penis</cell>
                  <cell>pene</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utoʔsóna</cell>
                  <cell>toʔsóna</cell>
                  <cell>itoʔsóna</cell>
                  <cell>toʔsóna</cell>
                  <cell>shinbone</cell>
                  <cell>espinilla (el hueso)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utúsna</cell>
                  <cell>túsna</cell>
                  <cell>itúsna</cell>
                  <cell>túsna</cell>
                  <cell>back</cell>
                  <cell>espalda</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukahčíne</cell>
                  <cell>kahčíne</cell>
                  <cell>ikahčíne</cell>
                  <cell>káhči</cell>
                  <cell>fire, firewood</cell>
                  <cell>fuego, candela, leña</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukáhpu</cell>
                  <cell>káhpu</cell>
                  <cell>ikáhpu</cell>
                  <cell>káhpu</cell>
                  <cell>bone</cell>
                  <cell>hueso</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukáš̯ki</cell>
                  <cell>káš̯ki</cell>
                  <cell>ikáš̯ki</cell>
                  <cell>káš̯ki</cell>
                  <cell>head; prow, bow</cell>
                  <cell>cabeza; proa</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukaṣ̌otóne</cell>
                  <cell>kaṣ̌otóne</cell>
                  <cell>ikaṣ̌otóne</cell>
                  <cell>kaṣ̌óto</cell>
                  <cell>cooking pot</cell>
                  <cell>olla</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukawsáne</cell>
                  <cell>kawsáne</cell>
                  <cell>ikawsáne</cell>
                  <cell>káwsa</cell>
                  <cell>smoke</cell>
                  <cell>humo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukinilíne</cell>
                  <cell>kinilíne</cell>
                  <cell>ikinilíne</cell>
                  <cell>kiníli</cell>
                  <cell>raw manioc</cell>
                  <cell>yuca cruda</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukosélo</cell>
                  <cell>kosélo</cell>
                  <cell>ikosélo</cell>
                  <cell>kosélo</cell>
                  <cell>leg</cell>
                  <cell>pierna</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukúhtu</cell>
                  <cell>kúhtu</cell>
                  <cell>ikúhtu</cell>
                  <cell>kúhtu</cell>
                  <cell>foot, paw</cell>
                  <cell>pie, pata</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ut<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>ekod͡lóne</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>ekod͡lóne</cell>
                  <cell>it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>ekod͡lóne</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>ekód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>baby’s rattle</cell>
                  <cell>sonajero, sonaja</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ut<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>emoʔyéne</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>emoʔyéne</cell>
                  <cell>it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>emoʔyéne</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>emóʔye</cell>
                  <cell>vulture, buzzard</cell>
                  <cell>gallinazo negro, buitre</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>učaskod͡lóne</cell>
                  <cell>časkod͡lóne</cell>
                  <cell>ičaskod͡lóne</cell>
                  <cell>časkód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>stick</cell>
                  <cell>palo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>učenaʔtóne</cell>
                  <cell>čenaʔtóne</cell>
                  <cell>ičenaʔtóne</cell>
                  <cell>čenáʔto</cell>
                  <cell>tree</cell>
                  <cell>árbol</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>učepod͡lalihsáne</cell>
                  <cell>čepod͡lalihsáne</cell>
                  <cell>ičepod͡lalihsáne</cell>
                  <cell>čepod͡lalíhsa</cell>
                  <cell>fermented manioc</cell>
                  <cell>masato, yuca fermentada</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>učičíne</cell>
                  <cell>čičíne</cell>
                  <cell>ičičíne</cell>
                  <cell>číči</cell>
                  <cell>chili pepper</cell>
                  <cell>ají</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uč̣áno</cell>
                  <cell>č̣áno</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣áno</cell>
                  <cell>č̣áno</cell>
                  <cell>neck</cell>
                  <cell>cuello</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uč̣oʔkapéle</cell>
                  <cell>č̣oʔkapéle</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣oʔkapéle</cell>
                  <cell>č̣oʔkapéli</cell>
                  <cell>fishhook</cell>
                  <cell>anzuelo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usakód͡la</cell>
                  <cell>sakód͡la</cell>
                  <cell>isakód͡la</cell>
                  <cell>sakód͡la</cell>
                  <cell>saliva</cell>
                  <cell>saliva</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usaʔpúne</cell>
                  <cell>saʔpúne</cell>
                  <cell>isaʔpúne</cell>
                  <cell>sáʔpu</cell>
                  <cell>lake</cell>
                  <cell>lago, cocha</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ušáki</cell>
                  <cell>šáki</cell>
                  <cell>išáki</cell>
                  <cell>šáki</cell>
                  <cell>vagina</cell>
                  <cell>vagina</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯íx̯pa</cell>
                  <cell>š̯íx̯pa</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯íx̯pa</cell>
                  <cell>š̯íx̯pa</cell>
                  <cell>hand</cell>
                  <cell>mano</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯iliškaʔtépi</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iliškaʔtépi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iliškaʔtépi</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iliškaʔtépi</cell>
                  <cell>bow (for arrows)</cell>
                  <cell>arco</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯ɩƚtokíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>š̯ɩƚtokíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯ɩƚtokíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>š̯ɩƚtóki</cell>
                  <cell>drum</cell>
                  <cell>tambor</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>énu</cell>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>énu</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>énu</cell>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>énu</cell>
                  <cell>hair</cell>
                  <cell>pelo, cabello</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌al<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>otáʔte</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌al<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>otáʔte</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌al<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>otáʔte</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌al<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>óta</cell>
                  <cell>macaw (bird)</cell>
                  <cell>guacamayo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umamod͡láne</cell>
                  <cell>mamod͡láne</cell>
                  <cell>imamod͡láne</cell>
                  <cell>mamód͡la</cell>
                  <cell>salt</cell>
                  <cell>sal</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umed͡lóʔte</cell>
                  <cell>med͡lóʔte</cell>
                  <cell>imed͡lóʔte</cell>
                  <cell>med͡lóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>knee</cell>
                  <cell>rodilla</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uménu</cell>
                  <cell>ménu</cell>
                  <cell>iménu</cell>
                  <cell>ménu</cell>
                  <cell>tongue</cell>
                  <cell>lengua</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umod͡lotáʔte</cell>
                  <cell>mod͡lotáʔte</cell>
                  <cell>imod͡lotáʔte</cell>
                  <cell>mod͡lóta</cell>
                  <cell>woman, female</cell>
                  <cell>mujer, hembra</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ulokoteʔṣ̌óʔlo</cell>
                  <cell>lokoteʔṣ̌óʔlo</cell>
                  <cell>ilokoteʔṣ̌óʔlo</cell>
                  <cell>lokoteʔṣ̌óʔlo</cell>
                  <cell>blowgun</cell>
                  <cell>cerbatana, pucuna</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wač̣ód͡le</cell>
                  <cell>pač̣ód͡le</cell>
                  <cell>yač̣ód͡le</cell>
                  <cell>ač̣ód͡le</cell>
                  <cell>guts, intestines</cell>
                  <cell>intestinos, entrañas, tripas</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wahked͡lóhki</cell>
                  <cell>pahked͡lóhki</cell>
                  <cell>yahked͡lóhki</cell>
                  <cell>ahked͡lóhki</cell>
                  <cell>heart</cell>
                  <cell>corazón</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wahtiníne</cell>
                  <cell>pahtiníne</cell>
                  <cell>yahtiníne</cell>
                  <cell>ahtíni</cell>
                  <cell>path, trail</cell>
                  <cell>camino, trocha</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waškod͡lód͡li</cell>
                  <cell>paškod͡lód͡li</cell>
                  <cell>yaškod͡lód͡li</cell>
                  <cell>aškod͡lód͡li</cell>
                  <cell>arrow</cell>
                  <cell>flecha</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wašmud͡leʔkód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>pašmud͡leʔkód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>yašmud͡leʔkód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>ašmud͡leʔkód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>wooden club</cell>
                  <cell>macana</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wawána</cell>
                  <cell>pawána</cell>
                  <cell>yawána</cell>
                  <cell>awána</cell>
                  <cell>mouth</cell>
                  <cell>boca</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔmusnáhte</cell>
                  <cell>paʔmusnáhte</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔmusnáhte</cell>
                  <cell>aʔmusnáhte</cell>
                  <cell>lung</cell>
                  <cell>pulmón</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔwáhko</cell>
                  <cell>paʔwáhko</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔwáhko</cell>
                  <cell>aʔwáhko</cell>
                  <cell>shoulder</cell>
                  <cell>hombro</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wenopíne</cell>
                  <cell>penopíne</cell>
                  <cell>yenopíne</cell>
                  <cell>enópi</cell>
                  <cell>lemon</cell>
                  <cell>limón</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wí:la</cell>
                  <cell>pí:la</cell>
                  <cell>yí:la</cell>
                  <cell>í:la</cell>
                  <cell>blood, resin</cell>
                  <cell>sangre, resina</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wohpána</cell>
                  <cell>pohpána</cell>
                  <cell>yohpána</cell>
                  <cell>ohpána</cell>
                  <cell>liver</cell>
                  <cell>hígado</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>woš̯lóne</cell>
                  <cell>poš̯lóne</cell>
                  <cell>yoš̯lóne</cell>
                  <cell>óš̯lo</cell>
                  <cell>collared peccary</cell>
                  <cell>sajino</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wúhsi</cell>
                  <cell>púhsi</cell>
                  <cell>yúhsi</cell>
                  <cell>úhsi</cell>
                  <cell>fat</cell>
                  <cell>grasa</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wunix̯sále</cell>
                  <cell>punix̯sále</cell>
                  <cell>yunix̯sále</cell>
                  <cell>uníx̯sa</cell>
                  <cell>water</cell>
                  <cell>agua</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wustawále</cell>
                  <cell>pustawále</cell>
                  <cell>yustawále</cell>
                  <cell>ustawáli</cell>
                  <cell>sleeping mat</cell>
                  <cell>estera</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Possessed nouns (the genitive construction), Class 1</p>
            <p>Sustantivos poseídos (la construcción genitiva), Clase 1</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">our___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">your (pl)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">their___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">anybody’s___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">nuestro___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">su (de ustedes)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">su (de ellos)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">___de cualquier persona</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apekáno</cell>
                  <cell>pekanósi</cell>
                  <cell>ipekanokána</cell>
                  <cell>pekanóči</cell>
                  <cell>meat, flesh</cell>
                  <cell>carne</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apnahmud͡léʔte</cell>
                  <cell>pnahmud͡leʔtési</cell>
                  <cell>ipnahmud͡leʔtekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>swamp, marsh</cell>
                  <cell>pantano</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apod͡lawaʔtíne</cell>
                  <cell>pod͡lawaʔtinési</cell>
                  <cell>ipod͡lawaʔtinekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>cloud</cell>
                  <cell>nube</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atakód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>takod͡lósi</cell>
                  <cell>itakod͡lokána</cell>
                  <cell>takod͡lóči</cell>
                  <cell>elbow</cell>
                  <cell>codo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atimilíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>timiliʔtési</cell>
                  <cell>itimiliʔtekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>wind, air, breeze</cell>
                  <cell>viento, aire, brisa</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atópi</cell>
                  <cell>topísi</cell>
                  <cell>itopikána</cell>
                  <cell>topíči</cell>
                  <cell>penis</cell>
                  <cell>pene</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atoʔsóna</cell>
                  <cell>toʔsonási</cell>
                  <cell>itoʔsonakána</cell>
                  <cell>toʔsonáči</cell>
                  <cell>shinbone</cell>
                  <cell>espinilla (el hueso)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atúsna</cell>
                  <cell>tusnási</cell>
                  <cell>itusnakána</cell>
                  <cell>tusnáči</cell>
                  <cell>back</cell>
                  <cell>espalda</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akahčíne</cell>
                  <cell>kahčinési</cell>
                  <cell>ikahčinekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>fire, firewood</cell>
                  <cell>fuego, candela, leña</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akáhpu</cell>
                  <cell>kahpúsi</cell>
                  <cell>ikahpukána</cell>
                  <cell>kahpúči</cell>
                  <cell>bone</cell>
                  <cell>hueso</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akáš̯ki</cell>
                  <cell>kaš̯kísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikaš̯kikána</cell>
                  <cell>kaš̯kíči</cell>
                  <cell>head; prow, bow</cell>
                  <cell>cabeza; proa</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akaṣ̌otóne</cell>
                  <cell>kaṣ̌otonési</cell>
                  <cell>ikaṣ̌otonekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>cooking pot</cell>
                  <cell>olla</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akawsáne</cell>
                  <cell>kawsanési</cell>
                  <cell>ikawsanekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>smoke</cell>
                  <cell>humo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akinilíne</cell>
                  <cell>kinilinési</cell>
                  <cell>ikinilinekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>raw manioc</cell>
                  <cell>yuca cruda</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akosélo</cell>
                  <cell>koselósi</cell>
                  <cell>ikoselokána</cell>
                  <cell>koselóči</cell>
                  <cell>leg</cell>
                  <cell>pierna</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akúhtu</cell>
                  <cell>kuhtúsi</cell>
                  <cell>ikuhtukána</cell>
                  <cell>kuhtúči</cell>
                  <cell>foot, paw</cell>
                  <cell>pie, pata</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>at<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>ekod͡lóne</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>ekod͡lonési</cell>
                  <cell>it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>ekod͡lonekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>baby’s rattle</cell>
                  <cell>sonajero, sonaja</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>at<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>emoʔyéne</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>emoʔyenési</cell>
                  <cell>it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>emoʔyenekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>vulture, buzzard</cell>
                  <cell>gallinazo negro, buitre</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ačaskod͡lóne</cell>
                  <cell>časkod͡lonési</cell>
                  <cell>ičaskod͡lonekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>stick</cell>
                  <cell>palo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ačenaʔtóne</cell>
                  <cell>čenaʔtonési</cell>
                  <cell>ičenaʔtonekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>tree</cell>
                  <cell>árbol</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ačepod͡lalihsáne</cell>
                  <cell>čepod͡lalihsanési</cell>
                  <cell>ičepod͡lalihsanekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>fermented manioc</cell>
                  <cell>masato, yuca fermentada</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ačičíne</cell>
                  <cell>čičinési</cell>
                  <cell>ičičinekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>chili pepper</cell>
                  <cell>ají</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ač̣áno</cell>
                  <cell>č̣anósi</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣anokána</cell>
                  <cell>č̣anóči</cell>
                  <cell>neck</cell>
                  <cell>cuello</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ač̣oʔkapéle</cell>
                  <cell>č̣oʔkapelési</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣oʔkapelekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>fishhook</cell>
                  <cell>anzuelo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asakód͡la</cell>
                  <cell>sakod͡lási</cell>
                  <cell>isakod͡lakána</cell>
                  <cell>sakod͡láči</cell>
                  <cell>saliva</cell>
                  <cell>saliva</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asaʔpúne</cell>
                  <cell>saʔpunési</cell>
                  <cell>isaʔpunekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>lake</cell>
                  <cell>lago, cocha</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ašáki</cell>
                  <cell>šakísi</cell>
                  <cell>išakikána</cell>
                  <cell>šakíči</cell>
                  <cell>vagina</cell>
                  <cell>vagina</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯íx̯pa</cell>
                  <cell>š̯ix̯pási</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯ix̯pakána</cell>
                  <cell>š̯ix̯páči</cell>
                  <cell>hand</cell>
                  <cell>mano</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯iliškaʔtépi</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iliškaʔtepísi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iliškaʔtepikána</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iliškaʔtepíči</cell>
                  <cell>bow (for arrows)</cell>
                  <cell>arco</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯ɩƚtokíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>š̯ɩƚtokiʔtési</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯ɩƚtokiʔtekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>drum</cell>
                  <cell>tambor</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>énu</cell>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>enúsi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>enukána</cell>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>enúči</cell>
                  <cell>hair</cell>
                  <cell>pelo, cabello</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌al<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>otáʔte</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌al<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>otaʔtési</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌al<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>otaʔtekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>macaw (bird)</cell>
                  <cell>guacamayo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amamod͡láne</cell>
                  <cell>mamod͡lanési</cell>
                  <cell>imamod͡lanekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>salt</cell>
                  <cell>sal</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amed͡lóʔte</cell>
                  <cell>med͡loʔtési</cell>
                  <cell>imed͡loʔtekána</cell>
                  <cell>med͡loʔtíči</cell>
                  <cell>knee</cell>
                  <cell>rodilla</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aménu</cell>
                  <cell>menúsi</cell>
                  <cell>imenukána</cell>
                  <cell>menúči</cell>
                  <cell>tongue</cell>
                  <cell>lengua</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amod͡lotáʔte</cell>
                  <cell>mod͡lotaʔtési</cell>
                  <cell>imod͡lotaʔtekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>woman, female</cell>
                  <cell>mujer, hembra</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>alokoteʔṣ̌óʔlo</cell>
                  <cell>lokoteʔṣ̌oʔlósi</cell>
                  <cell>ilokoteʔṣ̌oʔlokána</cell>
                  <cell>lokoteʔṣ̌oʔlóči</cell>
                  <cell>blowgun</cell>
                  <cell>cerbatana, pucuna</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awač̣ód͡le</cell>
                  <cell>pač̣od͡lési</cell>
                  <cell>yač̣od͡lekána</cell>
                  <cell>ač̣od͡léči</cell>
                  <cell>guts, intestines</cell>
                  <cell>intestinos, entrañas, tripa</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awahked͡lóhki</cell>
                  <cell>pahked͡lohkísi</cell>
                  <cell>yahked͡lohkikána</cell>
                  <cell>ahked͡lohkíči</cell>
                  <cell>heart</cell>
                  <cell>corazón</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awahtiníne</cell>
                  <cell>pahtininési</cell>
                  <cell>yahtininekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>path, trail</cell>
                  <cell>camino, trocha</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaškod͡lód͡li</cell>
                  <cell>paškod͡lod͡lísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaškod͡lod͡likána</cell>
                  <cell>aškod͡lod͡líči</cell>
                  <cell>arrow</cell>
                  <cell>flecha</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awašmud͡leʔkód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>pašmud͡leʔkod͡lósi</cell>
                  <cell>yašmud͡leʔkod͡lokána</cell>
                  <cell>ašmud͡leʔkod͡lóči</cell>
                  <cell>wooden club</cell>
                  <cell>macana</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awawána</cell>
                  <cell>pawanási</cell>
                  <cell>yawanakána</cell>
                  <cell>awanáči</cell>
                  <cell>mouth</cell>
                  <cell>boca</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔmusnáhte</cell>
                  <cell>paʔmusnahtési</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔmusnahtekána</cell>
                  <cell>aʔmusnahtéči</cell>
                  <cell>lung</cell>
                  <cell>pulmón</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔwáhko</cell>
                  <cell>paʔwahkósi</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔwahkokána</cell>
                  <cell>aʔwahkóči</cell>
                  <cell>shoulder</cell>
                  <cell>hombro</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awenopíne</cell>
                  <cell>penopinési</cell>
                  <cell>yenopinekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>lemon</cell>
                  <cell>limón</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awí:la</cell>
                  <cell>pi:lási</cell>
                  <cell>yi:lakána</cell>
                  <cell>i:láči</cell>
                  <cell>blood, resin</cell>
                  <cell>sangre, resina</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awohpána</cell>
                  <cell>pohpanási</cell>
                  <cell>yohpanakána</cell>
                  <cell>ohpanáči</cell>
                  <cell>liver</cell>
                  <cell>hígado</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awoš̯lóne</cell>
                  <cell>poš̯lonési</cell>
                  <cell>yoš̯lonekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>collared peccary</cell>
                  <cell>sajino</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awúhsi</cell>
                  <cell>puhsísi</cell>
                  <cell>yuhsikána</cell>
                  <cell>uhsíči</cell>
                  <cell>fat</cell>
                  <cell>grasa</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awunix̯sále</cell>
                  <cell>punix̯salési</cell>
                  <cell>yunix̯salekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>water</cell>
                  <cell>agua</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awustawále</cell>
                  <cell>pustawalési</cell>
                  <cell>yustawalekána</cell>
                  <cell>ustawalíči</cell>
                  <cell>sleeping mat</cell>
                  <cell>estera</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>
               <pb/>Possessed nouns (the genitive construction), Class 2</p>
            <p>Sustantivos poseídos (la construcción genitiva), Clase 2</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">my___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">your (sg)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">his/her___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">unpossessed</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">mi___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">tu___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">su (de él o de ella)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">no poseído</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upé:yi</cell>
                  <cell>pipé:yi</cell>
                  <cell>ipé:yi</cell>
                  <cell>pé:yi</cell>
                  <cell>thigh</cell>
                  <cell>muslo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upíʔto</cell>
                  <cell>pipíʔto</cell>
                  <cell>ipíʔto</cell>
                  <cell>píʔto</cell>
                  <cell>canoe</cell>
                  <cell>canoa</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upkwačíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>pipkwačíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>ipkwačíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>pkwáči</cell>
                  <cell>cultivated field</cell>
                  <cell>chacra</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upod͡lóhte</cell>
                  <cell>pipod͡lóhte</cell>
                  <cell>ipod͡lóhte</cell>
                  <cell>pod͡lóhti</cell>
                  <cell>tobacco</cell>
                  <cell>tabaco</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uténi</cell>
                  <cell>piténi</cell>
                  <cell>iténi</cell>
                  <cell>téni</cell>
                  <cell>breast</cell>
                  <cell>seno</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utináwa</cell>
                  <cell>pitináwa</cell>
                  <cell>itináwa</cell>
                  <cell>tináwa</cell>
                  <cell>arm</cell>
                  <cell>brazo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>pitód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>itód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>tód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>forehead</cell>
                  <cell>frente</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utúʔlu</cell>
                  <cell>pitúʔlu</cell>
                  <cell>itúʔlu</cell>
                  <cell>túʔlu</cell>
                  <cell>chest</cell>
                  <cell>pecho</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukéni</cell>
                  <cell>pikéni</cell>
                  <cell>ikéni</cell>
                  <cell>kéni</cell>
                  <cell>worm sp.</cell>
                  <cell>esp. de gusano</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uknáne</cell>
                  <cell>piknáne</cell>
                  <cell>iknáne</cell>
                  <cell>knáni</cell>
                  <cell>stomach</cell>
                  <cell>estómago</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukúd͡lu</cell>
                  <cell>pikúd͡lu</cell>
                  <cell>ikúd͡lu</cell>
                  <cell>kúd͡lu</cell>
                  <cell>nose</cell>
                  <cell>nariz</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>učáyi</cell>
                  <cell>pičáyi</cell>
                  <cell>ičáyi</cell>
                  <cell>čáyi</cell>
                  <cell>ear</cell>
                  <cell>oreja</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uč̣í:la</cell>
                  <cell>pič̣í:la</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣í:la</cell>
                  <cell>č̣í:la</cell>
                  <cell>lip</cell>
                  <cell>labio</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usúd͡lu</cell>
                  <cell>pisúd͡lu</cell>
                  <cell>isúd͡lu</cell>
                  <cell>súd͡lu</cell>
                  <cell>finger, toe</cell>
                  <cell>dedo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>úš̯to</cell>
                  <cell>píš̯to</cell>
                  <cell>íš̯to</cell>
                  <cell>š̯tó</cell>
                  <cell>fingernail, claw</cell>
                  <cell>uña, garra</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌áma</cell>
                  <cell>piṣ̌áma</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌áma</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌áma</cell>
                  <cell>skin, leather</cell>
                  <cell>piel, cuero</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌úʔna</cell>
                  <cell>piṣ̌úʔna</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌úʔna</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌úʔna</cell>
                  <cell>beard</cell>
                  <cell>barba</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umaʔpáta</cell>
                  <cell>pimaʔpáta</cell>
                  <cell>imaʔpáta</cell>
                  <cell>maʔpáta</cell>
                  <cell>bed</cell>
                  <cell>cama</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umóčo</cell>
                  <cell>pimóčo</cell>
                  <cell>imóčo</cell>
                  <cell>móčo</cell>
                  <cell>navel, belly button</cell>
                  <cell>ombligo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>unáš̯ne</cell>
                  <cell>pináš̯ne</cell>
                  <cell>ináš̯ne</cell>
                  <cell>náš̯i</cell>
                  <cell>corn, maize</cell>
                  <cell>maíz, choclo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uníx̯pa</cell>
                  <cell>piníx̯pa</cell>
                  <cell>iníx̯pa</cell>
                  <cell>níx̯pa</cell>
                  <cell>louse</cell>
                  <cell>piojo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uyɛƚnáne</cell>
                  <cell>piyɛƚnáne</cell>
                  <cell>iyɛƚnáne</cell>
                  <cell>yɛ́ƚna</cell>
                  <cell>man, male, husband</cell>
                  <cell>hombre, varón, esposo, marido</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uyiš̯láne</cell>
                  <cell>piyiš̯láne</cell>
                  <cell>iyiš̯láne</cell>
                  <cell>yíš̯la</cell>
                  <cell>island</cell>
                  <cell>isla</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wáhsi</cell>
                  <cell>pyáhsi</cell>
                  <cell>yáhsi</cell>
                  <cell>áhsi</cell>
                  <cell>tooth</cell>
                  <cell>diente, muela</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wélo</cell>
                  <cell>pyélo</cell>
                  <cell>yélo</cell>
                  <cell>élo</cell>
                  <cell>egg</cell>
                  <cell>huevo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wóhki</cell>
                  <cell>pyóhki</cell>
                  <cell>yóhki</cell>
                  <cell>óhki</cell>
                  <cell>eye</cell>
                  <cell>ojo</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Possessed nouns (the genitive construction), Class 2</p>
            <p>Sustantivos poseídos (la construcción genitiva), Clase 2</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">our___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">your (pl)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">their___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">anybody’s___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">nuestro___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">su (de ustedes)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">su (de ellos)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">___de cualquier persona</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apé:yi</cell>
                  <cell>pipe:yísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipe:yikána</cell>
                  <cell>pe:yíči</cell>
                  <cell>thigh</cell>
                  <cell>muslo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apíʔto</cell>
                  <cell>pipiʔtósi</cell>
                  <cell>ipiʔtokána</cell>
                  <cell>piʔtóči</cell>
                  <cell>canoe</cell>
                  <cell>canoa</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apkwačíʔte</cell>
                  <cell>pipkwačiʔtési</cell>
                  <cell>ipkwačiʔtekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>cultivated field</cell>
                  <cell>chacra</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apod͡lóhte</cell>
                  <cell>pipod͡lohtési</cell>
                  <cell>ipod͡lohtekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>tobacco</cell>
                  <cell>tabaco</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aténi</cell>
                  <cell>pitenísi</cell>
                  <cell>itenikána</cell>
                  <cell>teníči</cell>
                  <cell>breast</cell>
                  <cell>seno</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atináwa</cell>
                  <cell>pitinawási</cell>
                  <cell>itinawakána</cell>
                  <cell>tinawáči</cell>
                  <cell>arm</cell>
                  <cell>brazo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atód͡lo</cell>
                  <cell>pitod͡lósi</cell>
                  <cell>itod͡lokána</cell>
                  <cell>tod͡lóči</cell>
                  <cell>forehead</cell>
                  <cell>frente</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atúʔlu</cell>
                  <cell>pituʔlúsi</cell>
                  <cell>ituʔlukána</cell>
                  <cell>tuʔlúči</cell>
                  <cell>chest</cell>
                  <cell>pecho</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akúd͡lu</cell>
                  <cell>pikud͡lúsi</cell>
                  <cell>ikud͡lukána</cell>
                  <cell>kud͡lúči</cell>
                  <cell>nose</cell>
                  <cell>nariz</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akéni</cell>
                  <cell>pikenísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikenikána</cell>
                  <cell>keníči</cell>
                  <cell>worm sp.</cell>
                  <cell>esp. de gusano</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aknáne</cell>
                  <cell>piknanési</cell>
                  <cell>iknanekána</cell>
                  <cell>knaníči</cell>
                  <cell>stomach</cell>
                  <cell>estómago</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ačáyi</cell>
                  <cell>pičayísi</cell>
                  <cell>ičayikána</cell>
                  <cell>čayíči</cell>
                  <cell>ear</cell>
                  <cell>oreja</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ač̣í:la</cell>
                  <cell>pič̣i:lási</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣i:lakána</cell>
                  <cell>č̣i:láči</cell>
                  <cell>lip</cell>
                  <cell>labio</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asúd͡lu</cell>
                  <cell>pisud͡lúsi</cell>
                  <cell>isud͡lukána</cell>
                  <cell>sud͡lúči</cell>
                  <cell>finger, toe</cell>
                  <cell>dedo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>áš̯to</cell>
                  <cell>piš̯tósi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯tokána</cell>
                  <cell>š̯tóči</cell>
                  <cell>fingernail, claw</cell>
                  <cell>uña, garra</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌úʔna</cell>
                  <cell>piṣ̌uʔnási</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌uʔnakána</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌uʔnáči</cell>
                  <cell>beard</cell>
                  <cell>barba</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌áma</cell>
                  <cell>piṣ̌amási</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌amakána</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌amáči</cell>
                  <cell>skin, leather</cell>
                  <cell>piel, cuero</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌úʔna</cell>
                  <cell>piṣ̌uʔnási</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌uʔnakána</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌uʔnáči</cell>
                  <cell>beard</cell>
                  <cell>barba</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amaʔpáta</cell>
                  <cell>pimaʔpatási</cell>
                  <cell>imaʔpatakána</cell>
                  <cell>maʔpatáči</cell>
                  <cell>bed</cell>
                  <cell>cama</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amóčo</cell>
                  <cell>pimočósi</cell>
                  <cell>imočokána</cell>
                  <cell>močóči</cell>
                  <cell>navel, belly button</cell>
                  <cell>ombligo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>anáš̯ne</cell>
                  <cell>pinaš̯nési</cell>
                  <cell>inaš̯nekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>corn, maize</cell>
                  <cell>maíz, choclo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aníx̯pa</cell>
                  <cell>pinix̯pási</cell>
                  <cell>inix̯pakána</cell>
                  <cell>inix̯páči</cell>
                  <cell>louse</cell>
                  <cell>piojo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ayɛƚnáne</cell>
                  <cell>piyɛƚnanési</cell>
                  <cell>iyɛƚnanekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>man, male, husband</cell>
                  <cell>hombre, varón, esposo, marido</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ayiš̯láne</cell>
                  <cell>piyiš̯lanési</cell>
                  <cell>iyiš̯lanekána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>island</cell>
                  <cell>isla</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awáhsi</cell>
                  <cell>pyahsísi</cell>
                  <cell>yahsikána</cell>
                  <cell>ahsíči</cell>
                  <cell>tooth</cell>
                  <cell>diente, muela</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awélo</cell>
                  <cell>pyelósi</cell>
                  <cell>yelokána</cell>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>egg</cell>
                  <cell>huevo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awóhki</cell>
                  <cell>pyohkísi</cell>
                  <cell>yohkikána</cell>
                  <cell>ohkíči</cell>
                  <cell>eye</cell>
                  <cell>ojo</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Present tense verbs, singular subjects, Class 1</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo presente, sujetos singulares, Clase 1</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">I___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (sg)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">he/she___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">yo___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">tú___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">él/ella___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upahkawáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pahkawáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipahkawáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>sow, plant</cell>
                  <cell>sembrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upahyitúni</cell>
                  <cell>pahyitúni</cell>
                  <cell>ipahyitúni</cell>
                  <cell>practice, learn</cell>
                  <cell>practicar, aprender</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upakařásti</cell>
                  <cell>pakařásti</cell>
                  <cell>ipakařásti</cell>
                  <cell>pay</cell>
                  <cell>pagar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upakatiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>pakatiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>ipakatiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>follow him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>seguirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upamoṣ̌óṣ̌ki</cell>
                  <cell>pamoṣ̌óṣ̌ki</cell>
                  <cell>ipamoṣ̌óṣ̌ki</cell>
                  <cell>push</cell>
                  <cell>empujar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upayakswéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>payakswéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipayakswéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>hunt</cell>
                  <cell>cazar, mitayar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔkini:kále</cell>
                  <cell>paʔkini:kále</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔkini:kále</cell>
                  <cell>lose him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>perderlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔlísne</cell>
                  <cell>paʔlíste</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔlísne</cell>
                  <cell>send, order, command (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>mandar, enviar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔpésne</cell>
                  <cell>paʔpéste</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔpésne</cell>
                  <cell>finish, end (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>terminar, acabar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔwawákne</cell>
                  <cell>paʔwawákte</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔwawákne</cell>
                  <cell>dry (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>secar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upeskiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>peskiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>ipeskiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>prepare it, arrange it</cell>
                  <cell>prepararlo/la, arreglarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upohṣ̌amáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pohṣ̌amáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipohṣ̌amáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>change (clothes)</cell>
                  <cell>cambiarse (de ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upulíkne</cell>
                  <cell>pulíkne</cell>
                  <cell>ipulíkne</cell>
                  <cell>begin, start (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>empezar, comenzar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utaƚtád͡le</cell>
                  <cell>taƚtád͡le</cell>
                  <cell>itaƚtád͡le</cell>
                  <cell>serve him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>servirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utilíšne</cell>
                  <cell>tilíšte</cell>
                  <cell>itilíšne</cell>
                  <cell>wipe, clean (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>limpiar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utóhki</cell>
                  <cell>tóhki</cell>
                  <cell>itóhki</cell>
                  <cell>count</cell>
                  <cell>contar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utoṣ̌óhki</cell>
                  <cell>toṣ̌óhki</cell>
                  <cell>itoṣ̌óhki</cell>
                  <cell>enter, go in</cell>
                  <cell>entrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utoʔmastále</cell>
                  <cell>toʔmastále</cell>
                  <cell>itoʔmastále</cell>
                  <cell>finish it, end it</cell>
                  <cell>terminarlo/la, acabarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukamáni</cell>
                  <cell>kamáni</cell>
                  <cell>ikamáni</cell>
                  <cell>wash, bathe (oneself)</cell>
                  <cell>lavarse, bañarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukasósti</cell>
                  <cell>kasósti</cell>
                  <cell>ikasósti</cell>
                  <cell>obey, listen, pay attention</cell>
                  <cell>obedecer, hacer caso, escuchar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukéʔmi</cell>
                  <cell>kéʔmi</cell>
                  <cell>ikéʔmi</cell>
                  <cell>hear</cell>
                  <cell>oír</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukíhki</cell>
                  <cell>kíhki</cell>
                  <cell>ikíhki</cell>
                  <cell>arrive</cell>
                  <cell>llegar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukɩƚkačáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kɩƚkačáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ikɩƚkačáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>spin (thread)</cell>
                  <cell>hilar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukíʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kíʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ikíʔti</cell>
                  <cell>dig</cell>
                  <cell>cavar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukoʔč̣omáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>koʔč̣omáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ikoʔč̣omáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>sit down</cell>
                  <cell>sentarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ut<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmási</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmási</cell>
                  <cell>it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmási</cell>
                  <cell>kiss</cell>
                  <cell>besar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>učɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>čɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ičɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>shout</cell>
                  <cell>gritar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usenústi</cell>
                  <cell>senústi</cell>
                  <cell>isenústi</cell>
                  <cell>sweat</cell>
                  <cell>sudar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usepyóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>sepyóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>isepyóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>fight</cell>
                  <cell>pelear</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯iš̯ísti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iš̯ísti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iš̯ísti</cell>
                  <cell>whistle</cell>
                  <cell>silbar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯iṣ̌ʊ́ƚti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iṣ̌ʊ́ƚti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iṣ̌ʊ́ƚti</cell>
                  <cell>pull</cell>
                  <cell>jalar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯italáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯italáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯italáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>break</cell>
                  <cell>romper</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opásne</cell>
                  <cell>š̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opáste</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opásne</cell>
                  <cell>pull out, pull up by the roots (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>arrancar, jalar de raíz (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>die</cell>
                  <cell>morir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌akatukulúʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌akatukulúʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌akatukulúʔti</cell>
                  <cell>play</cell>
                  <cell>jugar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌amú:ti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌amú:ti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌amú:ti</cell>
                  <cell>fear, be afraid</cell>
                  <cell>temer, tener miedo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌anataʔč̣omawáni</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anataʔč̣omawáni</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anataʔč̣omawáni</cell>
                  <cell>work</cell>
                  <cell>trabajar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌anaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>do it, make it</cell>
                  <cell>hacerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌apési</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apési</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apési</cell>
                  <cell>look for, seek</cell>
                  <cell>buscar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌apúki</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apúki</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apúki</cell>
                  <cell>cook</cell>
                  <cell>cocinar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌áʔki</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌áʔki</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌áʔki</cell>
                  <cell>dance</cell>
                  <cell>bailar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌áʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌áʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌áʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paint</cell>
                  <cell>pintar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umahkóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>mahkóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>imahkóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>rob, steal</cell>
                  <cell>robar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>help, protect</cell>
                  <cell>ayudar, proteger</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>help him/her/it, protect him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>ayudarlo/la, protegerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>unačáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>načáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>inačáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>speak</cell>
                  <cell>hablar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>unísi</cell>
                  <cell>nísi</cell>
                  <cell>inísi</cell>
                  <cell>see</cell>
                  <cell>ver</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ulá:ti</cell>
                  <cell>lá:ti</cell>
                  <cell>ilá:ti</cell>
                  <cell>laugh</cell>
                  <cell>reírse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ulákne</cell>
                  <cell>lákne</cell>
                  <cell>ilákne</cell>
                  <cell>take out, remove (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>sacar, quitar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uláṣ̌ki</cell>
                  <cell>láṣ̌ki</cell>
                  <cell>iláṣ̌ki</cell>
                  <cell>throw away</cell>
                  <cell>botar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wačíkne</cell>
                  <cell>pačíkne</cell>
                  <cell>yačíkne</cell>
                  <cell>hold, have, grab (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>tener, agarrar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wad͡líki</cell>
                  <cell>pad͡líki</cell>
                  <cell>yad͡líki</cell>
                  <cell>fall (down)</cell>
                  <cell>caerse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wahtopohkaš̯íhti</cell>
                  <cell>pahtopohkaš̯íhti</cell>
                  <cell>yahtopohkaš̯íhti</cell>
                  <cell>smoke tobacco</cell>
                  <cell>fumar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wasáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pasáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yasáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>swim</cell>
                  <cell>nadar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wasíski</cell>
                  <cell>pasíski</cell>
                  <cell>yasíski</cell>
                  <cell>fly</cell>
                  <cell>volar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waškaláʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paškaláʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yaškaláʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kill</cell>
                  <cell>matar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waštími</cell>
                  <cell>paštími</cell>
                  <cell>yaštími</cell>
                  <cell>stand (up)</cell>
                  <cell>pararse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waš̯péhki</cell>
                  <cell>paš̯péhki</cell>
                  <cell>yaš̯péhki</cell>
                  <cell>hit, beat</cell>
                  <cell>pegar, golpear</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>watepastále</cell>
                  <cell>patepastále</cell>
                  <cell>yatepastále</cell>
                  <cell>can, be able (to)</cell>
                  <cell>poder</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>watoṣ̌amáhti</cell>
                  <cell>patoṣ̌amáhti</cell>
                  <cell>yatoṣ̌amáhti</cell>
                  <cell>wash (clothing)</cell>
                  <cell>lavar (ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔmúhti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔmúhti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔmúhti</cell>
                  <cell>smell</cell>
                  <cell>oler</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔṣ̌óʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔṣ̌óʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔṣ̌óʔti</cell>
                  <cell>put in</cell>
                  <cell>meter</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>páʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>go up</cell>
                  <cell>subir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔyíhki</cell>
                  <cell>paʔyíhki</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔyíhki</cell>
                  <cell>get up, arise</cell>
                  <cell>levantarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>we:páʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pe:páʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ye:páʔti</cell>
                  <cell>answer, respond</cell>
                  <cell>responder, contestar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wepíki</cell>
                  <cell>pepíki</cell>
                  <cell>yepíki</cell>
                  <cell>return, come back</cell>
                  <cell>volver, regresar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wéʔč̣i</cell>
                  <cell>péʔč̣i</cell>
                  <cell>yéʔč̣i</cell>
                  <cell>ask for</cell>
                  <cell>pedir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>woʔkále</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkále</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkále</cell>
                  <cell>put it</cell>
                  <cell>ponerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>woʔkočíʔti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkočíʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkočíʔti</cell>
                  <cell>hide</cell>
                  <cell>esconder</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>póʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>give</cell>
                  <cell>dar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wuhséʔti</cell>
                  <cell>puhséʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yuhséʔti</cell>
                  <cell>move</cell>
                  <cell>mover</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wumakíhti</cell>
                  <cell>pumakíhti</cell>
                  <cell>yumakíhti</cell>
                  <cell>dream</cell>
                  <cell>soñar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wusmatehpáški</cell>
                  <cell>pusmatehpáški</cell>
                  <cell>yusmatehpáški</cell>
                  <cell>jump</cell>
                  <cell>saltar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wúsmi</cell>
                  <cell>púsmi</cell>
                  <cell>yúsmi</cell>
                  <cell>sing</cell>
                  <cell>cantar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wusmúski</cell>
                  <cell>pusmúski</cell>
                  <cell>yusmúski</cell>
                  <cell>run</cell>
                  <cell>correr</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Present tense verbs, plural subjects, Class 1</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo presente, sujetos plurales, Clase 1</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">we___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (pl)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">they___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">nosotros___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ustedes___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ellos___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apahkawáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pahkawaʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipahkawaʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>sow, plant</cell>
                  <cell>sembrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apahyitúni</cell>
                  <cell>pahyitunísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipahyituŋkána</cell>
                  <cell>practice, learn</cell>
                  <cell>practicar, aprender</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apakařásti</cell>
                  <cell>pakařastísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipakařaskána</cell>
                  <cell>pay</cell>
                  <cell>pagar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apakatiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>pakatiʔtalési</cell>
                  <cell>ipakatiʔtalekána</cell>
                  <cell>follow him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>seguirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apamoṣ̌óṣ̌ki</cell>
                  <cell>pamoṣ̌oṣ̌kísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipamoṣ̌oṣ̌kána</cell>
                  <cell>push</cell>
                  <cell>empujar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apayakswéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>payaksweʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipayaksweʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>hunt</cell>
                  <cell>cazar, mitayar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔkini:kádle</cell>
                  <cell>paʔkini:kadlési</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔkini:kalekána</cell>
                  <cell>lose him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>perderlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔlísne</cell>
                  <cell>paʔlistési</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔlisnekána</cell>
                  <cell>send, order, command (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>mandar, enviar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔpésne</cell>
                  <cell>paʔpestési</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔpesnekána</cell>
                  <cell>finish, end (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>terminar, acabar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔwawákne</cell>
                  <cell>paʔwawaktési</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔwawaknekána</cell>
                  <cell>dry (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>secar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apeskiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>peskiʔtalési</cell>
                  <cell>ipeskiʔtalekána</cell>
                  <cell>prepare it, arrange it</cell>
                  <cell>prepararlo/la, arreglarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apohṣ̌amáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pohṣ̌amaʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipohṣ̌amaʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>change (clothes)</cell>
                  <cell>cambiarse (de ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apulíkne</cell>
                  <cell>puliknési</cell>
                  <cell>ipuliknekána</cell>
                  <cell>begin, start (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>empezar, comenzar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ataƚtád͡le</cell>
                  <cell>taƚtad͡lési</cell>
                  <cell>itaƚtad͡lekána</cell>
                  <cell>serve him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>servirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atilíšne</cell>
                  <cell>tilištési</cell>
                  <cell>itilišnekána</cell>
                  <cell>wipe, clean (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>limpiar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atóhki</cell>
                  <cell>tohkísi</cell>
                  <cell>itohkána</cell>
                  <cell>count</cell>
                  <cell>contar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atoṣ̌óhki</cell>
                  <cell>toṣ̌ohkísi</cell>
                  <cell>itoṣ̌ohkána</cell>
                  <cell>enter, go in</cell>
                  <cell>entrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atoʔmastále</cell>
                  <cell>toʔmastalési</cell>
                  <cell>itoʔmastalekána</cell>
                  <cell>finish it, end it</cell>
                  <cell>terminarlo/la, acabarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akamáni</cell>
                  <cell>kamanísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikamaŋkána</cell>
                  <cell>wash, bathe (oneself)</cell>
                  <cell>lavarse, bañarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akasósti</cell>
                  <cell>kasostísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikasoskána</cell>
                  <cell>obey, listen, pay attention</cell>
                  <cell>obedecer, hacer caso, escuchar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akéʔmi</cell>
                  <cell>keʔmísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikeʔṃkána</cell>
                  <cell>hear</cell>
                  <cell>oír</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akíhki</cell>
                  <cell>kihkísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikihkána</cell>
                  <cell>arrive</cell>
                  <cell>llegar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akɩƚkačáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kɩƚkačaʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikɩƚkačaʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>spin (thread)</cell>
                  <cell>hilar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akíʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kiʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikiʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>dig</cell>
                  <cell>cavar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akoʔč̣omáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>koʔč̣omaʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikoʔč̣omaʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>sit down</cell>
                  <cell>sentarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>at<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmási</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmasísi</cell>
                  <cell>it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmaskána</cell>
                  <cell>kiss</cell>
                  <cell>besar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ačɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>čɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ičɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>shout</cell>
                  <cell>gritar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asenústi</cell>
                  <cell>senustísi</cell>
                  <cell>isenuskána</cell>
                  <cell>sweat</cell>
                  <cell>sudar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asepyóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>sepyoʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>isepyoʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>fight</cell>
                  <cell>pelear</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯iš̯ísti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iš̯istísi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iš̯iskána</cell>
                  <cell>whistle</cell>
                  <cell>silbar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯iṣ̌ʊ́ƚti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iṣ̌ʊƚtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iṣ̌ʊƚkána</cell>
                  <cell>pull</cell>
                  <cell>jalar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯italáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯italaʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯italaʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>break</cell>
                  <cell>romper</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opásne</cell>
                  <cell>š̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opastési</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasnekána</cell>
                  <cell>pull out, pull up by the roots (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>arrancar, jalar de raíz (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>die</cell>
                  <cell>morir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌akatukulúʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌akatukuluʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌akatukuluʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>play</cell>
                  <cell>jugar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌amú:ti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌amu:tísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌amu:kána</cell>
                  <cell>fear, be afraid</cell>
                  <cell>temer, tener miedo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌anataʔč̣omawáni</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anataʔč̣omawanísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anataʔč̣omawaŋkána</cell>
                  <cell>work</cell>
                  <cell>trabajar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌anaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anaʔtalési</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anaʔtalekána</cell>
                  <cell>do it, make it</cell>
                  <cell>hacerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌apési</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apesísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apeskána</cell>
                  <cell>look for, seek</cell>
                  <cell>buscar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌apúki</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apukísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apukkána</cell>
                  <cell>cook</cell>
                  <cell>cocinar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌áʔki</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌aʔkísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌akkána</cell>
                  <cell>dance</cell>
                  <cell>bailar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌áʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌aʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌aʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>paint</cell>
                  <cell>pintar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amahkóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>mahkoʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>imahkoʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>rob, steal</cell>
                  <cell>robar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>help, protect</cell>
                  <cell>ayudar, proteger</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtalési</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtalekána</cell>
                  <cell>help him/her/it, protect him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>ayudarlo/la, protegerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>anačáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>načaʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>inačaʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>speak</cell>
                  <cell>hablar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>anísi</cell>
                  <cell>nisísi</cell>
                  <cell>iniskána</cell>
                  <cell>see</cell>
                  <cell>ver</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>alá:ti</cell>
                  <cell>la:tísi</cell>
                  <cell>ila:kána</cell>
                  <cell>laugh</cell>
                  <cell>reírse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>alákne</cell>
                  <cell>laknési</cell>
                  <cell>ilaknekána</cell>
                  <cell>take out, remove (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>sacar, quitar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aláṣ̌ki</cell>
                  <cell>laṣ̌kísi</cell>
                  <cell>ilaṣ̌kána</cell>
                  <cell>throw away</cell>
                  <cell>botar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awačíkne</cell>
                  <cell>pačiknési</cell>
                  <cell>yačiknekána</cell>
                  <cell>hold, have, grab (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>tener, agarrar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awad͡líki</cell>
                  <cell>pad͡likísi</cell>
                  <cell>yad͡likkána</cell>
                  <cell>fall (down)</cell>
                  <cell>caerse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awahtopohkaš̯íhti</cell>
                  <cell>pahtopohkaš̯ihtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yahtopohkaš̯ihkána</cell>
                  <cell>smoke tobacco</cell>
                  <cell>fumar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awasáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pasaʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yasaʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>swim</cell>
                  <cell>nadar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awasíski</cell>
                  <cell>pasiskísi</cell>
                  <cell>yasiskána</cell>
                  <cell>fly</cell>
                  <cell>volar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaškaláʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>kill</cell>
                  <cell>matar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaštími</cell>
                  <cell>paštimísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaštimkána</cell>
                  <cell>stand (up)</cell>
                  <cell>pararse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaš̯péhki</cell>
                  <cell>paš̯pehkísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaš̯pehkána</cell>
                  <cell>hit, beat</cell>
                  <cell>pegar, golpear</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awatepastále</cell>
                  <cell>patepastalési</cell>
                  <cell>yatepastalekána</cell>
                  <cell>can, be able (to)</cell>
                  <cell>poder</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awatoṣ̌amáhti</cell>
                  <cell>patoṣ̌amahtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yatoṣ̌amahkána</cell>
                  <cell>wash (clothing)</cell>
                  <cell>lavar (ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔmúhti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔmuhtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔmuhkána</cell>
                  <cell>smell</cell>
                  <cell>oler</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔṣ̌óʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔṣ̌oʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔṣ̌oʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>put in</cell>
                  <cell>meter</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>go up</cell>
                  <cell>subir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔyíhki</cell>
                  <cell>paʔyihkísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔyihkána</cell>
                  <cell>get up, arise</cell>
                  <cell>levantarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awe:páʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pe:paʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ye:paʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>answer, respond</cell>
                  <cell>responder, contestar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awepíki</cell>
                  <cell>pepikísi</cell>
                  <cell>yepikkána</cell>
                  <cell>return, come back</cell>
                  <cell>volver, regresar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awéʔč̣i</cell>
                  <cell>peʔč̣ísi</cell>
                  <cell>yeč̣kána</cell>
                  <cell>ask for</cell>
                  <cell>pedir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awoʔkále</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkalési</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkalekána</cell>
                  <cell>put it</cell>
                  <cell>ponerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awoʔkočíʔti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkočiʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkočiʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>hide</cell>
                  <cell>esconder</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>give</cell>
                  <cell>dar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awuhséʔti</cell>
                  <cell>puhseʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yuhseʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>move</cell>
                  <cell>mover</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awumakíhti</cell>
                  <cell>pumakihtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yumakihkána</cell>
                  <cell>dream</cell>
                  <cell>soñar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awusmatehpáški</cell>
                  <cell>pusmatehpaškísi</cell>
                  <cell>yusmatehpaškána</cell>
                  <cell>jump</cell>
                  <cell>saltar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awúsmi</cell>
                  <cell>pusmísi</cell>
                  <cell>yusṃkána</cell>
                  <cell>sing</cell>
                  <cell>cantar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awusmúski</cell>
                  <cell>pusmuskísi</cell>
                  <cell>yusmuskána</cell>
                  <cell>run</cell>
                  <cell>correr</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>
               <pb/>Present tense verbs, singular subjects, Class 2</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo presente, sujetos singulares, Clase 2</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">I___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (sg)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">he/she___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">yo___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">tú___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">él/ella___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uʔtád͡le</cell>
                  <cell>piʔtád͡le</cell>
                  <cell>iʔtád͡le</cell>
                  <cell>know it</cell>
                  <cell>saberlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>piʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>go</cell>
                  <cell>ir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uč̣óni</cell>
                  <cell>pič̣óni</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣óni</cell>
                  <cell>walk</cell>
                  <cell>caminar, andar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usoʔnóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pisoʔnóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>isoʔnóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>buy</cell>
                  <cell>comprar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhčelíki</cell>
                  <cell>pihčelíki</cell>
                  <cell>ihčelíki</cell>
                  <cell>call</cell>
                  <cell>llamar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhčiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>pihčiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>ihčiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>repeat it</cell>
                  <cell>repetirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhsepíx̯ti</cell>
                  <cell>pihsepíx̯ti</cell>
                  <cell>ihsepíx̯ti</cell>
                  <cell>live</cell>
                  <cell>vivir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhṣ̌óne</cell>
                  <cell>pihṣ̌óne</cell>
                  <cell>ihṣ̌óne</cell>
                  <cell>(tell a) lie</cell>
                  <cell>mentir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhtačaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>pihtačaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>ihtačaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>remember it</cell>
                  <cell>recordarlo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhtóki</cell>
                  <cell>pihtóki</cell>
                  <cell>ihtóki</cell>
                  <cell>say</cell>
                  <cell>decir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>yóʔni</cell>
                  <cell>píʔni</cell>
                  <cell>yéʔni</cell>
                  <cell>say</cell>
                  <cell>decir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umáki</cell>
                  <cell>pimáki</cell>
                  <cell>imáki</cell>
                  <cell>sleep</cell>
                  <cell>dormir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umuʔmékne</cell>
                  <cell>pimuʔménte</cell>
                  <cell>imuʔmékne</cell>
                  <cell>bring (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>traer (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>unéni</cell>
                  <cell>pinéni</cell>
                  <cell>inéni</cell>
                  <cell>come</cell>
                  <cell>venir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>unuṣ̌apéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pinuṣ̌apéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>inuṣ̌apéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>eat</cell>
                  <cell>comer</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>unúkne</cell>
                  <cell>pinúkne</cell>
                  <cell>inúkne</cell>
                  <cell>eat (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>comer (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ul<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔláni</cell>
                  <cell>pil<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔláni</cell>
                  <cell>il<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔláni</cell>
                  <cell>get married</cell>
                  <cell>casarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uwahpále</cell>
                  <cell>piwahpále</cell>
                  <cell>iwahpále</cell>
                  <cell>receive it</cell>
                  <cell>recibirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uwuskále</cell>
                  <cell>piwuskále</cell>
                  <cell>iwuskále</cell>
                  <cell>take it, carry it</cell>
                  <cell>llevarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>
               <pb/>Present tense verbs, plural subjects, Class 2</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo presente, sujetos plurales, Clase 2</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">we___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (pl)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">they___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">nosotros___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ustedes___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ellos___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aʔtád͡le</cell>
                  <cell>piʔtad͡lési</cell>
                  <cell>iʔtad͡lekána</cell>
                  <cell>know it</cell>
                  <cell>saberlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>piʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>go</cell>
                  <cell>ir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ač̣óni</cell>
                  <cell>pič̣onísi</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣oŋkána</cell>
                  <cell>walk</cell>
                  <cell>caminar, andar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asoʔnóʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pisoʔnoʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>isoʔnoʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>buy</cell>
                  <cell>comprar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahčelíki</cell>
                  <cell>pihčelikísi</cell>
                  <cell>ihčelikkána</cell>
                  <cell>call</cell>
                  <cell>llamar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahčiʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>pihčiʔtalési</cell>
                  <cell>ihčiʔtalekána</cell>
                  <cell>repeat it</cell>
                  <cell>repetirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahsepíx̯ti</cell>
                  <cell>pihsepix̯tísi</cell>
                  <cell>ihsepix̯kána</cell>
                  <cell>live</cell>
                  <cell>vivir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahṣ̌óne</cell>
                  <cell>pihṣ̌onési</cell>
                  <cell>ihṣ̌onekána</cell>
                  <cell>(tell a) lie</cell>
                  <cell>mentir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahtačaʔtále</cell>
                  <cell>pihtačaʔtalési</cell>
                  <cell>ihtačaʔtalekána</cell>
                  <cell>remember it</cell>
                  <cell>recordarlo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahtóki</cell>
                  <cell>pihtokísi</cell>
                  <cell>ihtokkána</cell>
                  <cell>say</cell>
                  <cell>decir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>yáʔni</cell>
                  <cell>piʔnísi</cell>
                  <cell>yeŋkána</cell>
                  <cell>say</cell>
                  <cell>decir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amáki</cell>
                  <cell>pimakísi</cell>
                  <cell>imakkána</cell>
                  <cell>sleep</cell>
                  <cell>dormir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amuʔmékne</cell>
                  <cell>pimuʔmentési</cell>
                  <cell>imuʔmeknekána</cell>
                  <cell>bring (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>traer (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>anéni</cell>
                  <cell>pinenísi</cell>
                  <cell>ineŋkána</cell>
                  <cell>come</cell>
                  <cell>venir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>anuṣ̌apéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pinuṣ̌apeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>inuṣ̌apeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>eat</cell>
                  <cell>comer</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>anúkne</cell>
                  <cell>pinuknési</cell>
                  <cell>inuknekána</cell>
                  <cell>eat (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>comer (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>al<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔláni</cell>
                  <cell>pil<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlanísi</cell>
                  <cell>il<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlaŋkána</cell>
                  <cell>get married</cell>
                  <cell>casarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awahpále</cell>
                  <cell>piwahpalési</cell>
                  <cell>iwahpalekána</cell>
                  <cell>receive it</cell>
                  <cell>recibirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awuskále</cell>
                  <cell>piwuskalési</cell>
                  <cell>iwuskalekána</cell>
                  <cell>take it, carry it</cell>
                  <cell>llevarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>
               <pb/>Past tense verbs, singular subjects, Class 1</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo pasado, sujetos singulares, Clase 1</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">I___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (sg)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">he/she___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">yo___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">tú___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">él/ella___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upahkawaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pahkawaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipahkawaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>sow, plant</cell>
                  <cell>sembrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upahyituŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pahyituŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipahyituŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>practice, learn</cell>
                  <cell>practicar, aprender</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upakařaskáti</cell>
                  <cell>pakařaskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipakařaskáti</cell>
                  <cell>pay</cell>
                  <cell>pagar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upakatiʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pakatiʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipakatiʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>follow him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>seguirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upamoṣ̌oṣ̌kalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pamoṣ̌oṣ̌kalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipamoṣ̌oṣ̌kalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>push him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>empujarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upayaksweʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>payaksweʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipayaksweʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>hunt</cell>
                  <cell>cazar, mitayar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔkini:kalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔkini:kalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔkini:kalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>lose him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>perderlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔliskalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔliskalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔliskalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>send him/her/it, order him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>mandarlo/la, enviarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔpesnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔpesnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔpesnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>finish, end (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>terminar, acabar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔwawaknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔwawaknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔwawaknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>dry (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>secar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upeskiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>peskiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipeskiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>prepare it, arrange it</cell>
                  <cell>prepararlo/la, arreglarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upohṣ̌amaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pohṣ̌amaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipohṣ̌amaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>change (clothes)</cell>
                  <cell>cambiarse (de ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upuliknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>puliknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipuliknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>begin, start (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>empezar, comenzar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utaƚtad͡lekáti</cell>
                  <cell>taƚtad͡lekáti</cell>
                  <cell>itaƚtad͡lekáti</cell>
                  <cell>serve it</cell>
                  <cell>servirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utilišnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>tilišnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>itilišnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>wipe, clean (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>limpiar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utohkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>tohkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>itohkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>count it</cell>
                  <cell>contarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utoṣ̌okkáti</cell>
                  <cell>toṣ̌okkáti</cell>
                  <cell>itoṣ̌okkáti</cell>
                  <cell>enter, go in</cell>
                  <cell>entrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utoʔmastalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>toʔmastalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>itoʔmastalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>finish it, end it</cell>
                  <cell>terminarlo/la, acabarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukamaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>kamaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikamaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>wash, bathe (oneself)</cell>
                  <cell>lavarse, bañarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukasoskáti</cell>
                  <cell>kasoskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikasoskáti</cell>
                  <cell>obey, listen, pay attention to</cell>
                  <cell>obedecer, hacer caso, escuchar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukemkáti</cell>
                  <cell>kemkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikemkáti</cell>
                  <cell>hear</cell>
                  <cell>oír</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>kihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>arrive</cell>
                  <cell>llegar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukɩƚkačaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>kɩƚkačaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikɩƚkačaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>spin (thread)</cell>
                  <cell>hilar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>kiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>dig it</cell>
                  <cell>cavarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukoʔč̣omaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>koʔč̣omaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikoʔč̣omaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>sit (down)</cell>
                  <cell>sentarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ut<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmaskáti</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmaskáti</cell>
                  <cell>it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmaskáti</cell>
                  <cell>kiss</cell>
                  <cell>besar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>učɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>čɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ičɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>shout</cell>
                  <cell>gritar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usenuskáti</cell>
                  <cell>senuskáti</cell>
                  <cell>isenuskáti</cell>
                  <cell>sweat</cell>
                  <cell>sudar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usepyoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>sepyoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>isepyoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>fight</cell>
                  <cell>pelear</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯iš̯iskáti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iš̯iskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iš̯iskáti</cell>
                  <cell>whistle</cell>
                  <cell>silbar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯iṣ̌ʊƚtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iṣ̌ʊƚtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iṣ̌ʊƚtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pull him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>jalarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯italaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯italaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯italaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>break it</cell>
                  <cell>romperlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pull out, pull up by the roots (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>arrancar, jalar de raíz (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>die</cell>
                  <cell>morir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌akatukuluʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌akatukuluʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌akatukuluʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>play</cell>
                  <cell>jugar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌amu:káti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌amu:káti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌amu:káti</cell>
                  <cell>fear, be afraid</cell>
                  <cell>temer, tener miedo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌anataʔč̣omawaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anataʔč̣omawaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anataʔč̣omawaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>work</cell>
                  <cell>trabajar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌anaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>do it, make it</cell>
                  <cell>hacerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌apesnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apesnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apesnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>look for, seek (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>buscar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌apukkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apukkáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apukkáti</cell>
                  <cell>cook</cell>
                  <cell>cocinar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌akkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌akkáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌akkáti</cell>
                  <cell>dance</cell>
                  <cell>bailar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌aʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌aʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌aʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paint it</cell>
                  <cell>pintarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umahkoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>mahkoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>imahkoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>rob, steal</cell>
                  <cell>robar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>help, protect</cell>
                  <cell>ayudar, proteger</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>help him/her/it, protect him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>ayudarlo/la, protegerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>unačaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>načaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>inačaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>speak</cell>
                  <cell>hablar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uniskáti</cell>
                  <cell>niskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iniskáti</cell>
                  <cell>see</cell>
                  <cell>ver</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ula:káti</cell>
                  <cell>la:káti</cell>
                  <cell>ila:káti</cell>
                  <cell>laugh</cell>
                  <cell>reírse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ulaknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>laknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ilaknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>take out, remove (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>sacar, quitar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ulaṣ̌káti</cell>
                  <cell>laṣ̌káti</cell>
                  <cell>ilaṣ̌káti</cell>
                  <cell>throw away</cell>
                  <cell>botar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wačiknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pačiknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>yačiknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>hold, have, grab (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>tener, agarrar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wad͡likkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pad͡likkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yad͡likkáti</cell>
                  <cell>fall (down)</cell>
                  <cell>caerse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wahtopohkaš̯ihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pahtopohkaš̯ihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yahtopohkaš̯ihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>smoke tobacco</cell>
                  <cell>fumar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wasaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pasaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yasaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>swim</cell>
                  <cell>nadar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wasiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>pasiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yasiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>fly</cell>
                  <cell>volar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waštimkáti</cell>
                  <cell>paštimkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaštimkáti</cell>
                  <cell>stand (up)</cell>
                  <cell>pararse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waš̯pehkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paš̯pehkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaš̯pehkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>hit him/her/it, beat him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>pegarle, golpearlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waškalaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>kill</cell>
                  <cell>matar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>watepastalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>patepastalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>yatepastalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>can, be able (to)</cell>
                  <cell>poder</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>watoṣ̌amahkáti</cell>
                  <cell>patoṣ̌amahkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yatoṣ̌amahkáti</cell>
                  <cell>wash (clothing)</cell>
                  <cell>lavar (ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔmuhtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔmuhtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔmuhtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>smell him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>olerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔṣ̌oʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔṣ̌oʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔṣ̌oʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>put it in</cell>
                  <cell>meterlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>go up</cell>
                  <cell>subir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔyihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔyihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔyihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>get up, arise</cell>
                  <cell>levantarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>we:paʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pe:paʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ye:paʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>answer, respond</cell>
                  <cell>responder, contestar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>we:paʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pe:paʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ye:paʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>answer him/her/it, respond to him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>responderle, contestarle</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wepikkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pepikkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yepikkáti</cell>
                  <cell>return, come back</cell>
                  <cell>volver, regresar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>weč̣káti</cell>
                  <cell>peč̣káti</cell>
                  <cell>yeč̣káti</cell>
                  <cell>ask for</cell>
                  <cell>pedir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>woʔkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>put it, place it</cell>
                  <cell>ponerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>woʔkočiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkočiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkočiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>hide it</cell>
                  <cell>esconderlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>woʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>give</cell>
                  <cell>dar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wuhseʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>puhseʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yuhseʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>move</cell>
                  <cell>mover</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wumakihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pumakihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yumakihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>dream</cell>
                  <cell>soñar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wusmatehpaškáti</cell>
                  <cell>pusmatehpaškáti</cell>
                  <cell>yusmatehpaškáti</cell>
                  <cell>jump</cell>
                  <cell>saltar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wusṃkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pusṃkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yusṃkáti</cell>
                  <cell>sing</cell>
                  <cell>cantar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wusmuskáti</cell>
                  <cell>pusmuskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yusmuskáti</cell>
                  <cell>run</cell>
                  <cell>correr</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Past tense verbs, plural subjects, Class 1</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo pasado, sujetos plurales, Clase 1</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">we___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (pl)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">they___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">nosotros___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ustedes___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ellos___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apahkawaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pahkawaʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipahkawaʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>sow, plant</cell>
                  <cell>sembrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apahyituŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pahyituniskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipahyituŋkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>practice, learn</cell>
                  <cell>practicar, aprender</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apakařaskáti</cell>
                  <cell>pakařastiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipakařaskanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>pay</cell>
                  <cell>pagar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apakatiʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pakatiʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipakatiʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>follow him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>seguirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apamoṣ̌oṣ̌kalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pamoṣ̌oṣ̌kaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipamoṣ̌oṣ̌kalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>push him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>empujarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apayaksweʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>payaksweʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipayaksweʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>hunt</cell>
                  <cell>cazar, mitayar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔkini:kalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔkini:kaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔkini:kalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>lose him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>perderlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔliskalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔliskaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔliskalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>send him/her/it, order him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>mandarlo/la, enviarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔpesnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔpesneskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔpesnekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>finish, end (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>terminar, acabar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔwawaknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔwawakneskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔwawaknekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>dry (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>secar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apeskiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>peskiʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipeskiʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>prepare it, arrange it</cell>
                  <cell>prepararlo/la, arreglarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apohṣ̌amaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pohṣ̌amaʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipohṣ̌amaʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>change (clothes)</cell>
                  <cell>cambiarse (de ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apuliknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pulikneskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ipuliknekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>begin, start (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>empezar, comenzar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ataƚtad͡lekáti</cell>
                  <cell>taƚtad͡leskáti</cell>
                  <cell>itaƚtad͡lekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>serve it</cell>
                  <cell>servirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atilišnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>tilišneskáti</cell>
                  <cell>itilišnekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>wipe, clean (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>limpiar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atohkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>tohkaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>itohkalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>count it</cell>
                  <cell>contarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atoṣ̌okkáti</cell>
                  <cell>toṣ̌okiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>itoṣ̌okkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>enter, go in</cell>
                  <cell>entrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atoʔmastalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>toʔmastaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>itoʔmastalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>finish it, end it</cell>
                  <cell>terminarlo/la, acabarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akamaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>kamaniskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikamaŋkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>wash, bathe (oneself)</cell>
                  <cell>lavarse, bañarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akasoskáti</cell>
                  <cell>kasostiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikasoskanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>obey, listen, pay attention to</cell>
                  <cell>obedecer, hacer caso, escuchar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akemkáti</cell>
                  <cell>keʔmiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikemkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>hear</cell>
                  <cell>oír</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>kihtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikihkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>arrive</cell>
                  <cell>llegar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akɩƚkačaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>kɩƚkačaʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikɩƚkačaʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>spin (thread)</cell>
                  <cell>hilar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>kiʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikiʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>dig it</cell>
                  <cell>cavarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akoʔč̣omaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>koʔč̣omaʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ikoʔč̣omaʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>sit (down)</cell>
                  <cell>sentarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>at<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmaskáti</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmasiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmaskanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>kiss</cell>
                  <cell>besar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ačɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>čɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ičɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>shout</cell>
                  <cell>gritar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asenuskáti</cell>
                  <cell>senustiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>isenuskanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>sweat</cell>
                  <cell>sudar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asepyoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>sepyoʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>isepyoʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>fight</cell>
                  <cell>pelear</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯iš̯iskáti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iš̯istiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iš̯iskanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>whistle</cell>
                  <cell>silbar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯iṣ̌ʊƚtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iṣ̌ʊƚtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iṣ̌ʊƚtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>pull him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>jalarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯italaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯italaʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯italaʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>break it</cell>
                  <cell>romperlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasneskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasnekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>pull out, pull up by the roots (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>arrancar, jalar de raíz (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>die</cell>
                  <cell>morir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌akatukuluʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌akatukuluʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌akatukuluʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>play</cell>
                  <cell>jugar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌amu:káti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌amu:tiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌amu:kanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>fear, be afraid</cell>
                  <cell>temer, tener miedo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌anataʔč̣omawaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anataʔč̣omawaniskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anataʔč̣omawaŋkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>work</cell>
                  <cell>trabajar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌anaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anaʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anaʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>do it, make it</cell>
                  <cell>hacerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌apesnekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apesneskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apesnekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>look for, seek (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>buscar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌apukkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apukiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apukkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>cook</cell>
                  <cell>cocinar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌akkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌akiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌akkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>dance</cell>
                  <cell>bailar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌aʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌aʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌aʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>paint it</cell>
                  <cell>pintarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amahkoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>mahkoʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>imahkoʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>rob, steal</cell>
                  <cell>robar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>help, protect</cell>
                  <cell>ayudar, proteger</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>help him/her/it, protect him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>ayudarlo/la, protegerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>anačaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>načaʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>inačaʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>speak</cell>
                  <cell>hablar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aniskáti</cell>
                  <cell>nisiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iniskanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>see</cell>
                  <cell>ver</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ala:káti</cell>
                  <cell>la:tiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ila:kanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>laugh</cell>
                  <cell>reírse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>alaknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>lakneskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ilaknekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>take out, remove (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>sacar, quitar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>alaṣ̌káti</cell>
                  <cell>laṣ̌kiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ilaṣ̌kanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>throw away</cell>
                  <cell>botar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awačiknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pačikneskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yačiknekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>hold, have, grab (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>tener, agarrar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awad͡likkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pad͡likiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yad͡likkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>fall (down)</cell>
                  <cell>caerse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awahtopohkaš̯ihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pahtopohkaš̯ihtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yahtopohkaš̯ihkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>smoke tobacco</cell>
                  <cell>fumar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awasaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pasaʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yasaʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>swim</cell>
                  <cell>nadar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awasiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>pasiskiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yasiskanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>fly</cell>
                  <cell>volar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaštimkáti</cell>
                  <cell>paštimiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaštimkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>stand (up)</cell>
                  <cell>pararse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaš̯pehkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paš̯pehkaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaš̯pehkalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>hit him/her/it, beat him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>pegarle, golpearlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaškalaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>kill</cell>
                  <cell>matar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awatepastalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>patepastaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yatepastalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>can, be able (to)</cell>
                  <cell>poder</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awatoṣ̌amahkáti</cell>
                  <cell>patoṣ̌amahtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yatoṣ̌amahkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>wash (clothing)</cell>
                  <cell>lavar (ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔmuhtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔmuhtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔmuhtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>smell him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>olerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔṣ̌oʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔṣ̌oʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔṣ̌oʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>put it in</cell>
                  <cell>meterlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>go up</cell>
                  <cell>subir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔyihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔyihkiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔyihkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>get up, arise</cell>
                  <cell>levantarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awe:paʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pe:paʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ye:paʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>answer, respond</cell>
                  <cell>responder, contestar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awe:paʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pe:paʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ye:paʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>answer him/her/it, respond to him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>responderle, contestarle</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awepikkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pepikiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yepikkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>return, come back</cell>
                  <cell>volver, regresar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aweč̣káti</cell>
                  <cell>peʔč̣iskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yeč̣kanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>ask for</cell>
                  <cell>pedir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awoʔkalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>put it, place it</cell>
                  <cell>ponerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awoʔkočiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkočiʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkočiʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>hide it</cell>
                  <cell>esconderlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>give</cell>
                  <cell>dar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awuhseʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>puhseʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yuhseʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>move</cell>
                  <cell>mover</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awumakihkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pumakihtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yumakihkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>dream</cell>
                  <cell>soñar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awusmatehpaškáti</cell>
                  <cell>pusmatehpaškiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yusmatehpaškanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>jump</cell>
                  <cell>saltar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awusṃkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pusmiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yusṃkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>sing</cell>
                  <cell>cantar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awusmuskáti</cell>
                  <cell>pusmuskiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yusmuskanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>run</cell>
                  <cell>correr</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Past tense verbs, singular subjects, Class 2</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo pasado, sujetos singulares, Clase 2</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">I___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (sg)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">he/she___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">yo___	</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">tú___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">él/ella___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uʔtad͡lekáti</cell>
                  <cell>piʔtad͡lekáti</cell>
                  <cell>iʔtad͡lekáti</cell>
                  <cell>know it</cell>
                  <cell>saberlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>piʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>iʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>go</cell>
                  <cell>ir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uč̣oŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pič̣oŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣oŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>walk</cell>
                  <cell>caminar, andar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usoʔnoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pisoʔnoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>isoʔnoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>buy</cell>
                  <cell>comprar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usoʔnoʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pisoʔnoʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>isoʔnoʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>buy it</cell>
                  <cell>comprarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhčelikkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pihčelikkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ihčelikkáti</cell>
                  <cell>call</cell>
                  <cell>llamar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhčiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pihčiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ihčiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>repeat it</cell>
                  <cell>repetirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhsepix̯káti</cell>
                  <cell>pihsepix̯káti</cell>
                  <cell>ihsepix̯káti</cell>
                  <cell>live</cell>
                  <cell>vivir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhṣ̌onekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pihṣ̌onekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ihṣ̌onekáti</cell>
                  <cell>(tell a) lie</cell>
                  <cell>mentir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhtačaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pihtačaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>ihtačaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>remember it</cell>
                  <cell>recordarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>yoŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>piŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>yeŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>say</cell>
                  <cell>decir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umakkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pimakkáti</cell>
                  <cell>imakkáti</cell>
                  <cell>sleep</cell>
                  <cell>dormir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umuʔmeŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pimuʔmeŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>imuʔmeŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>bring</cell>
                  <cell>traer</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uneŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pineŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>ineŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>come</cell>
                  <cell>venir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>unuknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pinuknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>inuknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>eat (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>comer (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ul<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pil<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>il<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>get married</cell>
                  <cell>casarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uwahpalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>piwahpalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>iwahpalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>receive it</cell>
                  <cell>recibirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uwuskalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>piwuskalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>iwuskalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>take it, carry it</cell>
                  <cell>llevarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Past tense verbs, plural subjects, Class 2</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo pasado, sujetos plurales, Clase 2</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">we___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (pl)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">they___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">nosotros___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ustedes___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ellos___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aʔtad͡lekáti</cell>
                  <cell>piʔtad͡leskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iʔtad͡lekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>know it</cell>
                  <cell>saberlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>piʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>go</cell>
                  <cell>ir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ač̣oŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pič̣oniskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣oŋkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>walk</cell>
                  <cell>caminar, andar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asoʔnoʔkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pisoʔnoʔtiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>isoʔnoʔkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>buy</cell>
                  <cell>comprar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asoʔnoʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pisoʔnoʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>isoʔnoʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>buy it</cell>
                  <cell>comprarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahčelikkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pihčelikiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ihčelikkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>call</cell>
                  <cell>llamar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahčiʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pihčiʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ihčiʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>repeat it</cell>
                  <cell>repetirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahsepix̯káti</cell>
                  <cell>pihsepix̯tiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ihsepix̯kanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>live</cell>
                  <cell>vivir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahṣ̌onekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pihṣ̌oneskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ihṣ̌onekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>(tell a) lie</cell>
                  <cell>mentir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahtačaʔtalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pihtačaʔtaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ihtačaʔtalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>remember it</cell>
                  <cell>recordarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>yaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>piʔniskáti</cell>
                  <cell>yeŋkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>say</cell>
                  <cell>decir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amakkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pimakiskáti</cell>
                  <cell>imakkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>sleep</cell>
                  <cell>dormir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amuʔmeŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pimuʔmeniskáti</cell>
                  <cell>imuʔmeŋkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>bring</cell>
                  <cell>traer</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aneŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pineniskáti</cell>
                  <cell>ineŋkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>come</cell>
                  <cell>venir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>anuknekáti</cell>
                  <cell>pinukneskáti</cell>
                  <cell>inuknekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>eat (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>comer (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>al<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlaŋkáti</cell>
                  <cell>pil<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlaniskáti</cell>
                  <cell>il<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlaŋkanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>get married</cell>
                  <cell>casarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awahpalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>piwahpaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iwahpalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>receive it</cell>
                  <cell>recibirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awuskalekáti</cell>
                  <cell>piwuskaleskáti</cell>
                  <cell>iwuskalekanakáti</cell>
                  <cell>take it, carry it</cell>
                  <cell>llevarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Future tense verbs, singular subjects, Class 1</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo futuro, sujetos singulares, Clase 1</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">I___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (sg)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">he/she___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">yo___	</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">tú___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">él/ella___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upahkawaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pahkawaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipahkawaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>sow, plant</cell>
                  <cell>sembrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upahyituñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pahyituñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipahyituñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>practice, learn</cell>
                  <cell>practicar, aprender</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upakařasyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pakařasyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipakařasyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pay</cell>
                  <cell>pagar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upakatiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pakatiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipakatiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>follow him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>seguirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upamoṣ̌oṣ̌kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pamoṣ̌oṣ̌kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipamoṣ̌oṣ̌kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>push him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>empujarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upayaksweʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>payaksweʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipayaksweʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>hunt</cell>
                  <cell>cazar, mitayar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔkini:kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔkini:kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔkini:kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>lose him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>perderlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔliskaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔliskaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔliskaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>send him/her/it, order him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>mandarlo/la, enviarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔpesnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔpesnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔpesnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>finish, end (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>terminar, acabar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upaʔwawaknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔwawaknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔwawaknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>dry (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>secar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upeskiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>peskiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipeskiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>prepare it, arrange it</cell>
                  <cell>prepararlo/la, arreglarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upohṣ̌amaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pohṣ̌amaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipohṣ̌amaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>change (clothes)</cell>
                  <cell>cambiarse (de ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>upuliknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>puliknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ipuliknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>begin, start (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>empezar, comenzar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utaƚtad͡léʔti</cell>
                  <cell>taƚtad͡léʔti</cell>
                  <cell>itaƚtad͡léʔti</cell>
                  <cell>serve it</cell>
                  <cell>servirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utilišnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>tilišnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>itilišnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>wipe, clean (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>limpiar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utohkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>tohkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>itohkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>count it</cell>
                  <cell>contarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utoṣ̌okyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>toṣ̌okyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>itoṣ̌okyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>enter, go in</cell>
                  <cell>entrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utoʔmastaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>toʔmastaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>itoʔmastaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>finish it, end it</cell>
                  <cell>terminarlo/la, acabarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukamañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kamañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ikamañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>wash, bathe (oneself)</cell>
                  <cell>lavarse, bañarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukasosyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kasosyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ikasosyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>obey, listen, pay attention</cell>
                  <cell>obedecer, hacer caso, escuchar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukemyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kemyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ikemyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>hear</cell>
                  <cell>oír</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ikikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>arrive</cell>
                  <cell>llegar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukɩƚkačaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kɩƚkačaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ikɩƚkačaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>spin (thread)</cell>
                  <cell>hilar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ikiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>dig it</cell>
                  <cell>cavarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ukoʔč̣omaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>koʔč̣omaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ikoʔč̣omaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>sit (down)</cell>
                  <cell>sentarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ut<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmasyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmasyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmasyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kiss</cell>
                  <cell>besar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>učɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>čɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ičɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>shout</cell>
                  <cell>gritar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usenusyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>senusyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>isenusyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>sweat</cell>
                  <cell>sudar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usepyoʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>sepyoʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>isepyoʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>fight</cell>
                  <cell>pelear</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯iš̯isyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iš̯isyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iš̯isyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>whistle</cell>
                  <cell>silbar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯iṣ̌ʊƚtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iṣ̌ʊƚtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iṣ̌ʊƚtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pull him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>jalarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯italaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯italaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯italaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>break it</cell>
                  <cell>romperlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pull out, pull up by the roots (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>arrancar, jalar de raíz (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>die</cell>
                  <cell>morir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌akatukuluʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌akatukuluʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌akatukuluʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>play</cell>
                  <cell>jugar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌amu:yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌amu:yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌amu:yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>fear, be afraid</cell>
                  <cell>temer, tener miedo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌anataʔč̣omawañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anataʔč̣omawañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anataʔč̣omawañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>work</cell>
                  <cell>trabajar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌anaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>do it, make it</cell>
                  <cell>hacerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌apesnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apesnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apesnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>look for, seek (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>buscar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌apukyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apukyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apukyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>cook</cell>
                  <cell>cocinar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌akyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌akyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌akyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>dance</cell>
                  <cell>bailar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uṣ̌aʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌aʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌aʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paint it</cell>
                  <cell>pintarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umahkoʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>mahkoʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>imahkoʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>rob, steal</cell>
                  <cell>robar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>help, protect</cell>
                  <cell>ayudar, proteger</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>help him/her/it, protect him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>ayudarlo/la, protegerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>unačaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>načaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>inačaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>speak</cell>
                  <cell>hablar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>unisyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>nisyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>inisyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>see</cell>
                  <cell>ver</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ula:yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>la:yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ila:yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>laugh</cell>
                  <cell>reírse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ulaknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>laknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ilaknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>take out, remove (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>sacar, quitar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ulaṣ̌kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>laṣ̌kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ilaṣ̌kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>throw it away</cell>
                  <cell>botarlo/la, tirarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wačiknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pačiknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yačiknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>hold, have, grab (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>tener, agarrar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wad͡likyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pad͡likyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yad͡likyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>fall (down)</cell>
                  <cell>caerse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wahtopohkaš̯ihyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pahtopohkaš̯ihyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yahtopohkaš̯ihyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>smoke tobacco</cell>
                  <cell>fumar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wasaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pasaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yasaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>swim</cell>
                  <cell>nadar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wasisyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pasisyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yasisyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>fly</cell>
                  <cell>volar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waštimyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paštimyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yaštimyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>stand (up)</cell>
                  <cell>pararse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waš̯pehkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paš̯pehkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yaš̯pehkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>hit him/her/it, beat him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>pegarle, golpearlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waškalaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kill</cell>
                  <cell>matar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>watepastaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>patepastaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yatepastaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>can, be able (to)</cell>
                  <cell>poder</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>watoṣ̌amahyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>patoṣ̌amahyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yatoṣ̌amahyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>wash (clothing)</cell>
                  <cell>lavar (ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔmuhyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔmuhyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔmuhyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>smell</cell>
                  <cell>oler</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔṣ̌oʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔṣ̌oʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔṣ̌oʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>put it in</cell>
                  <cell>meterlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>go up</cell>
                  <cell>subir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>waʔyikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔyikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔyikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>get up, arise</cell>
                  <cell>levantarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>we:paʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pe:paʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ye:paʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>answer, respond</cell>
                  <cell>responder, contestar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>we:paʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pe:paʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ye:paʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>answer him/her/it, respond to him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>responderle, contestarle</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wepikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pepikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yepikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>return, come back</cell>
                  <cell>volver, regresar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>weč̣yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>peč̣yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yeč̣yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ask for</cell>
                  <cell>pedir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>woʔkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>put it</cell>
                  <cell>ponerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>woʔkočiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkočiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkočiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>hide it</cell>
                  <cell>esconderlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>woʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>give</cell>
                  <cell>dar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wuhseʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>puhseʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yuhseʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>move</cell>
                  <cell>mover</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wumakihyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pumakihyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yumakihyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>dream</cell>
                  <cell>soñar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wusmatehpašyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pusmatehpašyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yusmatehpašyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>jump</cell>
                  <cell>saltar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wusṃyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pusṃyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yusṃyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>sing</cell>
                  <cell>cantar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>wusmusyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pusmusyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>yusmusyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>run</cell>
                  <cell>correr</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Future tense verbs, plural subjects, Class 1</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo futuro, sujetos plurales, Clase 1</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">we___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (pl)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">they___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">nosotros___	</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ustedes___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ellos___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apahkawaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pahkawaʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipahkawaʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>sow, plant</cell>
                  <cell>sembrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apahyituñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pahyituñyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipahyituñyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>practice, learn</cell>
                  <cell>practicar, aprender</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apakařasyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pakařasyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipakařasyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>pay</cell>
                  <cell>pagar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apakatiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pakatiʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipakatiʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>follow him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>seguirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apamoṣ̌oṣ̌kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pamoṣ̌oṣ̌kaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipamoṣ̌oṣ̌kaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>push him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>empujarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apayaksweʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>payaksweʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipayaksweʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>hunt</cell>
                  <cell>cazar, mitayar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔkini:kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔkini:kaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔkini:kaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>lose him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>perderlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔliskaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔliskaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔliskaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>send him/her/it, order him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>mandarlo/la, enviarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔpesnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔpesneʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔpesneʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>finish, end (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>terminar, acabar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apaʔwawaknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔwawakneʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipaʔwawakneʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>dry (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>secar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apeskiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>peskiʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipeskiʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>prepare it, arrange it</cell>
                  <cell>prepararlo/la, arreglarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apohṣ̌amaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pohṣ̌amaʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipohṣ̌amaʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>change (clothes)</cell>
                  <cell>cambiarse (de ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>apuliknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pulikneʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ipulikneʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>begin, start (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>empezar, comenzar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ataƚtad͡léʔti</cell>
                  <cell>taƚtad͡leʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>itaƚtad͡leʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>serve it</cell>
                  <cell>servirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atilišnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>tilišneʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>itilišneʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>wipe, clean (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>limpiar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atohkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>tohkaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>itohkaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>count it</cell>
                  <cell>contarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atoṣ̌okyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>toṣ̌okyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>itoṣ̌okyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>enter, go in</cell>
                  <cell>entrar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>atoʔmastaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>toʔmastaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>itoʔmastaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>finish it, end it</cell>
                  <cell>terminarlo/la, acabarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akamañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kamañyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikamañyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>wash, bathe (oneself)</cell>
                  <cell>lavarse, bañarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akasosyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kasosyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikasosyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>obey, listen, pay attention</cell>
                  <cell>obedecer, hacer caso, escuchar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akemyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kemyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikemyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>hear</cell>
                  <cell>oír</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kikyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikikyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>arrive</cell>
                  <cell>llegar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akɩƚkačaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kɩƚkačaʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikɩƚkačaʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>spin (thread)</cell>
                  <cell>hilar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>kiʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikiʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>dig it</cell>
                  <cell>cavarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>akoʔč̣omaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>koʔč̣omaʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ikoʔč̣omaʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>sit (down)</cell>
                  <cell>sentarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>at<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmasyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>t<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmasyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>uʔmasyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>kiss</cell>
                  <cell>besar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ačɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>čɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ičɛƚt<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>akamaʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>shout</cell>
                  <cell>gritar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asenusyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>senusyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>isenusyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>sweat</cell>
                  <cell>sudar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asepyoʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>sepyoʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>isepyoʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>fight</cell>
                  <cell>pelear</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯iš̯isyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iš̯isyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iš̯isyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>whistle</cell>
                  <cell>silbar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯iṣ̌ʊƚtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯iṣ̌ʊƚtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯iṣ̌ʊƚtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>pull him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>jalarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯italaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯italaʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯italaʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>break it</cell>
                  <cell>romperlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasneʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯it<hi rend="superscript">s</hi>opasneʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>pull out, pull up by the roots (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>arrancar, jalar de raíz (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>die</cell>
                  <cell>morir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌akatukuluʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌akatukuluʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌akatukuluʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>play</cell>
                  <cell>jugar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌amu:yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌amu:yeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌amu:yeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>fear, be afraid</cell>
                  <cell>temer, tener miedo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌anataʔč̣omawañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anataʔč̣omawañyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anataʔč̣omawañyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>work</cell>
                  <cell>trabajar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌anaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌anaʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌anaʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>do it, make it</cell>
                  <cell>hacerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌apesnéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apesneʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apesneʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>look for, seek (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>buscar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌apukyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌apukyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌apukyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>cook</cell>
                  <cell>cocinar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌akyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌akyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌akyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>dance</cell>
                  <cell>bailar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aṣ̌aʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌aʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iṣ̌aʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>paint it</cell>
                  <cell>pintarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amahkoʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>mahkoʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>imahkoʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>rob, steal</cell>
                  <cell>robar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>help, protect</cell>
                  <cell>ayudar, proteger</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>maš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>imaš̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>entaʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>help him/her/it, protect him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>ayudarlo/la, protegerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>anačaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>načaʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>inačaʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>speak</cell>
                  <cell>hablar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>anisyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>nisyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>inisyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>see</cell>
                  <cell>ver</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ala:yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>la:yeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ila:yeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>laugh</cell>
                  <cell>reírse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>alaknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>lakneʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ilakneʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>take out, remove (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>sacar, quitar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>alaṣ̌kaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>laṣ̌kaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ilaṣ̌kaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>throw it away</cell>
                  <cell>botarlo/la, tirarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awačiknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pačikneʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yačikneʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>hold, have, grab (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>tener, agarrar (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awad͡likyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pad͡likyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yad͡likyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>fall (down)</cell>
                  <cell>caerse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awahtopohkaš̯ihyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pahtopohkaš̯ihyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yahtopohkaš̯ihyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>smoke tobacco</cell>
                  <cell>fumar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awasaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pasaʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yasaʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>swim</cell>
                  <cell>nadar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awasisyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pasisyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yasisyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>fly</cell>
                  <cell>volar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaštimyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paštimyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaštimyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>stand (up)</cell>
                  <cell>pararse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaš̯pehkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paš̯pehkaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaš̯pehkaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>hit him/her/it, beat him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>pegarle, golpearlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaškalaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>kill</cell>
                  <cell>matar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awatepastaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>patepastaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yatepastaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>can, be able (to)</cell>
                  <cell>poderlo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awatoṣ̌amahyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>patoṣ̌amahyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yatoṣ̌amahyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>wash (clothing)</cell>
                  <cell>lavar (ropa)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔmuhyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔmuhyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔmuhyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>smell</cell>
                  <cell>oler</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔṣ̌oʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔṣ̌oʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔṣ̌oʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>put it in</cell>
                  <cell>meterlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>go up</cell>
                  <cell>subir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaʔyikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>paʔyikyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaʔyikyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>get up, arise</cell>
                  <cell>levantarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awe:paʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pe:paʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ye:paʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>answer, respond</cell>
                  <cell>responder, contestar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awe:paʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pe:paʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ye:paʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>answer him/her/it, respond to him/her/it</cell>
                  <cell>responderlo/la, contestarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awepikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pepikyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yepikyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>return, come back</cell>
                  <cell>volver, regresar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aweč̣yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>peč̣yeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yeč̣yeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>ask for</cell>
                  <cell>pedir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awoʔkaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>put it</cell>
                  <cell>ponerlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awoʔkočiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔkočiʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔkočiʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>hide it</cell>
                  <cell>esconderlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awoʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>poʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yoʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>give</cell>
                  <cell>dar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awuhseʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>puhseʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yuhseʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>move</cell>
                  <cell>mover</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awumakihyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pumakihyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yumakihyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>dream</cell>
                  <cell>soñar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awusmatehpašyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pusmatehpašyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yusmatehpašyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>jump</cell>
                  <cell>saltar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awusṃyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pusṃyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yusṃyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>sing</cell>
                  <cell>cantar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awusmusyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pusmusyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>yusmusyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>run</cell>
                  <cell>correr</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>
               <pb/>Future tense verbs, singular subjects, Class 2</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo futuro, sujetos singulares, Clase 2</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">I___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (sg)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">he/she___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">yo___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">tú___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">él/ella___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uʔtad͡léʔti</cell>
                  <cell>piʔtad͡léʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iʔtad͡léʔti</cell>
                  <cell>know it</cell>
                  <cell>saberlo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>piʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>go</cell>
                  <cell>ir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uč̣oñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pič̣oñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣oñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>walk</cell>
                  <cell>caminar, andar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>usoʔnoʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pisoʔnoʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>isoʔnoʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>buy it</cell>
                  <cell>comprarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhčelikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihčelikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ihčelikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>call</cell>
                  <cell>llamar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhčiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihčiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ihčiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>repeat it</cell>
                  <cell>repetirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhsepix̯yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihsepix̯yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ihsepix̯yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>live</cell>
                  <cell>vivir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhṣ̌onéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihṣ̌onéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ihṣ̌onéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>(tell a) lie</cell>
                  <cell>mentir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhtačaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihtačaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ihtačaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>remember it</cell>
                  <cell>recordarlo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uhtokyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihtokyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ihtokyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>say</cell>
                  <cell>decir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umakyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pimakyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>imakyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>sleep</cell>
                  <cell>dormir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>umuʔmeknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pimuʔmeknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>imuʔmeknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>bring (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>traer (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uneñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pineñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>ineñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>come</cell>
                  <cell>venir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>unuknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pinuknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>inuknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>eat (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>comer (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ul<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pil<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>il<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>get married</cell>
                  <cell>casarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>uwuskaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>piwuskaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>iwuskaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>take it, carry it</cell>
                  <cell>llevarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>
               <pb/>Future tense verbs, plural subjects, Class 2</p>
            <p>Verbos en el tiempo futuro, sujetos plurales, Clase 2</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">we___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (pl)___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">they___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">nosotros___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ustedes___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ellos___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aʔtad͡léʔti</cell>
                  <cell>piʔtad͡leʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iʔtad͡leʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>know it</cell>
                  <cell>saberlo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aʔyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>piʔyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iʔyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>go</cell>
                  <cell>ir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ač̣oñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pič̣oñyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ič̣oñyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>walk</cell>
                  <cell>caminar, andar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>asoʔnoʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pisoʔnoʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>isoʔnoʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>buy it</cell>
                  <cell>comprarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahčelikyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihčelikyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ihčelikyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>call</cell>
                  <cell>llamar</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahčiʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihčiʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ihčiʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>repeat it</cell>
                  <cell>repetirlo/la</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahsepix̯yéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihsepix̯yeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ihsepix̯yeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>live</cell>
                  <cell>vivir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahṣ̌onéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihṣ̌oneʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ihṣ̌oneʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>(tell a) lie</cell>
                  <cell>mentir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahtačaʔtaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihtačaʔtaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ihtačaʔtaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>remember it</cell>
                  <cell>recordarlo</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ahtokyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pihtokyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ihtokyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>say</cell>
                  <cell>decir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amakyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pimakyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>imakyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>sleep</cell>
                  <cell>dormir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>amuʔmeknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pimuʔmekneʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>imuʔmekneʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>bring (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>traer (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>aneñyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pineñyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>ineñyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>come</cell>
                  <cell>venir</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>anuknéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pinukneʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>inukneʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>eat (tr)</cell>
                  <cell>comer (tr)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>al<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlañyéʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pil<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlañyeʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>il<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>aʔlañyeʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>get married</cell>
                  <cell>casarse</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awuskaléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>piwuskaleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>iwuskaleʔkána</cell>
                  <cell>take it, carry it</cell>
                  <cell>llevarlo/la</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Verbs with object pronouns, present tense</p>
            <p>Verbos con pronombres personales como complemento, tiempo presente</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell cols="6">object / objeto</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>1singular</cell>
                  <cell>2singular</cell>
                  <cell>3singular</cell>
                  <cell>1plural</cell>
                  <cell>2plural</cell>
                  <cell>3plural</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>s<lb/>u<lb/>b<lb/>j<lb/>e<lb/>c<lb/>t<lb/>s<lb/>u<lb/>j<lb/>e<lb/>t<lb/>o</cell>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>1sg</cell>
                  <cell>wanastúni<lb/>I watch myself<lb/>me miro</cell>
                  <cell>wanastaléye<lb/>I watch you (sg)<lb/>te miro</cell>
                  <cell>wanastále<lb/>I watch him/her<lb/>lo/la miro</cell>
                  <cell>(wanastaláyi)<lb/>(I watch us)<lb/>(nos miro)</cell>
                  <cell>wanastaleyísi<lb/>I watch you (pl)<lb/>los miro (a Uds.)</cell>
                  <cell>wanastalekána<lb/>I watch them<lb/>los miro (a ellos)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>2sg</cell>
                  <cell>panastaláwa<lb/>you watch me<lb/>me miras</cell>
                  <cell>panastúni<lb/>you watch yourself<lb/>te miras</cell>
                  <cell>panastále<lb/>you watch him/her<lb/>lo/la miras</cell>
                  <cell>panastaláyi<lb/>you watch us<lb/>nos miras</cell>
                  <cell>(panastaleyísi)<lb/>(you watch yourselves)<lb/>(los miras (a Uds.))</cell>
                  <cell>panastalekána<lb/>you watch them<lb/>los miras (a ellos)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>3sg</cell>
                  <cell>yanastaláwa<lb/>he/she watches me<lb/>me mira</cell>
                  <cell>yanastaléye<lb/>he/she watches you (sg)<lb/>te mira</cell>
                  <cell>yanastúni<lb/>he/she watches self<lb/>se mira</cell>
                  <cell>yanastaláyi<lb/>he/she watches us<lb/>nos mira</cell>
                  <cell>yanastaleyísi<lb/>he/she watches you (pl)<lb/>los mira (a Uds.)</cell>
                  <cell>yanastalekána<lb/>he/she watches them<lb/>los mira (a ellos)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>1pl</cell>
                  <cell>(awanastaláwa)<lb/>(we watch me)<lb/>(me miramos)</cell>
                  <cell>awanastaléye<lb/>we watch you (sg)<lb/>te miramos</cell>
                  <cell>awanastále<lb/>we watch him/her<lb/>lo/la miramos</cell>
                  <cell>awanastúni<lb/>we watch ourselves<lb/>nos miramos</cell>
                  <cell>awanastaleyísi<lb/>we watch you (pl)<lb/>los miramos (a Uds.)</cell>
                  <cell>awanastalekána<lb/>we watch them<lb/>los miramos (a ellos)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>2pl</cell>
                  <cell>panastalawási<lb/>you watch me<lb/>(Uds.) me miran</cell>
                  <cell>(panastaleyési)<lb/>(you watch you (sg))<lb/>((Uds.) te miran)</cell>
                  <cell>panastalési<lb/>you watch him/her<lb/>(Uds.) lo/la miran</cell>
                  <cell>panastalayísi<lb/>you watch us<lb/>(Uds.) nos miran</cell>
                  <cell>panastunísi<lb/>you watch yourselves<lb/>(Uds.) se miran</cell>
                  <cell>panastaleskána<lb/>you watch them<lb/>(Uds.) los miran (a ellos)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>3pl</cell>
                  <cell>yanastalawakána<lb/>they watch me<lb/>(ellos) me miran</cell>
                  <cell>yanastaleykána<lb/>they watch you (sg)<lb/>(ellos) te miran</cell>
                  <cell>yanastalekána<lb/>they watch him/her<lb/>(ellos) lo/la miran</cell>
                  <cell>yanastalaykána<lb/>they watch us<lb/>(ellos) nos miran</cell>
                  <cell>yanastaleyiskána<lb/>they watch you (pl)<lb/>(ellos) los miran (a Uds.)</cell>
                  <cell>yanastuŋkána<lb/>they watch themselves<lb/>(ellos) se miran</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>
               <lb/>Verbs with object pronouns, present tense</p>
            <p>Verbos con pronombres personales como complemento, tiempo presente</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell cols="6">object / objeto</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>1singular</cell>
                  <cell>2singular</cell>
                  <cell>3singular</cell>
                  <cell>1plural</cell>
                  <cell>2plural</cell>
                  <cell>3plural</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>s<lb/>u<lb/>b<lb/>j<lb/>e<lb/>c<lb/>t<lb/>s<lb/>u<lb/>j<lb/>e<lb/>t<lb/>o</cell>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>1sg</cell>
                  <cell>waškalaʔtúni<lb/>I kill myself<lb/>me mato</cell>
                  <cell>waškalaʔtaléye<lb/>I kill you (sg)<lb/>te mato</cell>
                  <cell>waškalaʔtále<lb/>I kill him/her<lb/>lo/la mato</cell>
                  <cell>(waškalaʔtaláyi)<lb/>(I kill us)<lb/>(nos mato)</cell>
                  <cell>waškalaʔtaleyísi<lb/>I kill you (pl)<lb/>los mato (a Uds.)</cell>
                  <cell>waškalaʔtalekána<lb/>I kill them<lb/>los mato (a ellos)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>2sg</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtaláwa<lb/>you kill me<lb/>me matas</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtúni<lb/>you kill yourself<lb/>te matas</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtále<lb/>you kill him/her<lb/>lo/la matas</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtaláyi<lb/>you kill us<lb/>nos matas</cell>
                  <cell>(paškalaʔtaleyísi)<lb/>(you kill yourselves)<lb/>(los matas (a Uds.))</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtalekána<lb/>you kill them<lb/>los matas (a ellos)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>3sg</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtaláwa<lb/>he/she kills me<lb/>me mata</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtaléye<lb/>he/she kills you (sg)<lb/>te mata</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtúni<lb/>he/she kills self<lb/>se mata</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtaláyi<lb/>he/she kills us<lb/>nos mata</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtaleyísi<lb/>he/she kills you (pl)<lb/>los mata (a Uds.)</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtalekána<lb/>he/she kills them<lb/>los mata (a ellos)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>1pl</cell>
                  <cell>(awaškalaʔtaláwa)<lb/>(we kill me)<lb/>(me matamos)</cell>
                  <cell>awaškalaʔtaléye<lb/>we kill you (sg)<lb/>te matamos</cell>
                  <cell>awaškalaʔtále<lb/>we kill him/her<lb/>lo/la matamos</cell>
                  <cell>awaškalaʔtúni<lb/>we kill ourselves<lb/>nos matamos</cell>
                  <cell>awaškalaʔtaleyísi<lb/>we kill you (pl)<lb/>los matamos (a Uds.)</cell>
                  <cell>awaškalaʔtalekána<lb/>we kill them<lb/>los matamos (a ellos)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>2pl</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtalawási<lb/>you kill me<lb/>(Uds.) me matan</cell>
                  <cell>(paškalaʔtaleyési)<lb/>(you kill you (sg))<lb/>((Uds.) te matan)</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtalési<lb/>you kill him/her<lb/>(Uds.) lo/la matan</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtalayísi<lb/>you kill us<lb/>(Uds.) nos matan</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtunísi<lb/>you kill yourselves<lb/>(Uds.) se matan</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtaleskána<lb/>you kill them<lb/>(Uds.) los matan (a ellos)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell/>
                  <cell>
                     <lb/>3pl</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtalawakána<lb/>they kill me<lb/>(ellos) me matan</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtaleykána<lb/>they kill you (sg)<lb/>(ellos) te matan</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtalekána<lb/>they kill him/her<lb/>(ellos) lo/la matan</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtalaykána<lb/>they kill us<lb/>(ellos) nos matan</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtaleyiskána<lb/>they kill you (pl)<lb/>(ellos) los matan (a Uds.)</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtuŋkána<lb/>they kill themselves<lb/>(ellos) se matan</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Reciprocal verbs, present tense</p>
            <p>Verbos recíprocos, tiempo presente</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">we ___ each other</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (pl) ___ each other</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">they ___ each other</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">nosotros nos ___ unos a otros</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ustedes se ___ unos a otros</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ellos se ___ unos a otros</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awanastahkáki</cell>
                  <cell>panastahkakísi</cell>
                  <cell>yanastahkakkána</cell>
                  <cell>watch</cell>
                  <cell>mirar(se)</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>awaškalaʔtahkáki</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtahkakísi</cell>
                  <cell>yaškalaʔtahkakkána</cell>
                  <cell>kill</cell>
                  <cell>matar(se)</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Stative verbs, present tense</p>
            <p>Verbos estativos, tiempo presente</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">I ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (sg) ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">he/she ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">we ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (pl) ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">they ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">yo ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">tú ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">él/ella ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">nosotros ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ustedes ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ellos ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>pewáwa</cell>
                  <cell>pewáyi</cell>
                  <cell>péwa</cell>
                  <cell>pewáyi</cell>
                  <cell>pewayísi</cell>
                  <cell>pewakána</cell>
                  <cell>be good</cell>
                  <cell>ser bueno</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>plahč̣omáwa</cell>
                  <cell>plahč̣omáyi</cell>
                  <cell>plahč̣óma</cell>
                  <cell>plahč̣omáyi</cell>
                  <cell>plahč̣omayísi</cell>
                  <cell>plahč̣omakána</cell>
                  <cell>be tall</cell>
                  <cell>ser alto</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>utahpíni</cell>
                  <cell>tahpíni</cell>
                  <cell>itahpíni</cell>
                  <cell>atahpíni</cell>
                  <cell>tahpinistísi</cell>
                  <cell>itahpiŋkána</cell>
                  <cell>be happy</cell>
                  <cell>ser/estar alegre</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Negative verbs, present tense</p>
            <p>Verbos negativos, tiempo presente</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">I ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (sg) ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">he/she ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">we ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">you (pl) ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">they ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">Spanish gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">yo ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">tú ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">él/ella ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">nosotros ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ustedes ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">ellos ___</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en inglés</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>kád͡la umáka</cell>
                  <cell>kád͡la pimáka</cell>
                  <cell>kád͡la imáka</cell>
                  <cell>kád͡la amáka</cell>
                  <cell>kád͡la pimakási</cell>
                  <cell>kád͡la imayakána</cell>
                  <cell>not sleep</cell>
                  <cell>no dormir</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>
               <lb/>Imperative verbs, present tense</p>
            <p>Verbos imperativos, tiempo presente</p>
            <table xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rend="rules">
               <row>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">2 singular</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">2 plural</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">English gloss</hi>
                  </cell>
                  <cell>
                     <hi rend="bold">glosa en español</hi>
                  </cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eléʔti</cell>
                  <cell>š̯<hi rend="superscript">y</hi>eleʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>die!</cell>
                  <cell>¡muérete!; ¡muéranse!</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>ṣ̌áʔki</cell>
                  <cell>ṣ̌aʔkísi</cell>
                  <cell>dance!</cell>
                  <cell>¡baila!; ¡bailen!</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>panastúni</cell>
                  <cell>panastunísi</cell>
                  <cell>watch yourself!</cell>
                  <cell>¡mírate!; ¡mírense!</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>pasáʔti</cell>
                  <cell>pasaʔtísi</cell>
                  <cell>swim!</cell>
                  <cell>¡nada!; ¡naden!</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>pasíski</cell>
                  <cell>pasiskísi</cell>
                  <cell>fly!</cell>
                  <cell>¡vuela!; ¡vuelen!</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtúni</cell>
                  <cell>paškalaʔtunísi</cell>
                  <cell>kill yourself!</cell>
                  <cell>¡mátate!; ¡mátense!</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>púsmi</cell>
                  <cell>pusmísi</cell>
                  <cell>sing!</cell>
                  <cell>¡canta!; ¡canten!</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>pič̣óni</cell>
                  <cell>pič̣onísi</cell>
                  <cell>walk!</cell>
                  <cell>¡anda!; ¡anden!</cell>
               </row>
               <row>
                  <cell>pimáki</cell>
                  <cell>pimakísi</cell>
                  <cell>(go to) sleep!</cell>
                  <cell>¡duérmete!; ¡duérmanse!</cell>
               </row>
            </table>
            <p>Important note: Here are a few more pieces of data that should be kept in mind when doing a formal analysis. Chamicuro has nouns and adjectives such as the following:</p>
            <p>Nota importante: Aquí se presentan algunos datos adicionales que se deben tomar en cuenta al llevar a cabo un análisis formal. El chamicuro tiene sustantivos y adjetivos como los que se enumeran a continuación:</p>
            <p>[pčahtóki]		wild, fierce (animal) / feroz, bravo (animal)</p>
            <p>[pč̣oyi]			poop, stern (of a canoe) / popa de una canoa</p>
            <p>[pkwáči]		cultivated field / chacra</p>
            <p>[pláwa]		long / largo</p>
            <p>[pnahmúd͡le]		swamp, marsh / pantano</p>
            <p>[pnáwa]		deep, profound / hondo, profundo</p>
            <p>[pšáwa]		bitter / amargo</p>
            <p>[pwáwa]		heavy / pesado</p>
            <p>[pwáye]		feather, body hair / pluma, vello</p>
            <p>[pwáʔto]		sapodilla or marmalade tree / zapote (árbol)</p>
            <p>[pwenáli]		great mullein plant / barbasco</p>
            <p>[pyaʔč̣óma]		handsome, beautiful (m) / hermoso, lindo, bello (m)</p>
            <p>[pyaʔkihnáni]		happy, glad, content / alegre, feliz, contento</p>
            <p>[pyáʔpa]		beautiful, pretty (f) / hermosa, linda, bella (f)</p>
            <p>[pyaʔsíno]		smooth, flat / liso, plano</p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Bibliography references involving Chamicuro data</hi>
            </p>
            <p>
               <hi rend="bold">Referencias bibliográficas que incluyen datos del chamicuro</hi>
            </p>
            <p>Works by Steve Parker (the double asterisks ** mark items available from the SIL Peru website):</p>
            <p>Obras escritas por Steve Parker (los asteriscos dobles ** indican publicaciones disponibles del sitio de Internet del ILV en el Perú):</p>
            <p>1985a. Paradigmas de la frase nominal en chamicuro. Información de Campo 592. 36 pp. (English title: <hi rend="italic">Noun phrase paradigms in Chamicuro</hi>.)</p>
            <p>1985b. Paradigmas de la frase verbal en chamicuro (más de mil paradigmas en cuatro grupos). Información de Campo 593. 53 pp. (English title: <hi rend="italic">Verb phrase paradigms in Chamicuro (more than one thousand paradigms in four groups)</hi>.)</p>
            <p>1985c. Cuentos de los chamicuro: seis textos. Información de Campo 594. 28 pp. (English title: <hi rend="italic">Chamicuro stories: six texts</hi>.)</p>
            <p>**1987. <hi rend="italic">Kana acha’taka ijnachale kana chamekolo (Vocabulario y textos chamicuro)</hi>. Comunidades y Culturas Peruanas, 21. Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Peru: Ministerio de Educación and Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. (English title: <hi rend="italic">Chamicuro texts and vocabulary</hi>.)</p>
            <p>1988. <hi rend="italic">Some universal aspects of coalescence processes confirmed by Chamicuro phonology and morphology</hi>. M.A. thesis. University of Texas at Arlington.</p>
            <p>1989. “The sonority grid in Chamicuro phonology.” <hi rend="italic">Linguistic Analysis </hi>19:3–58.</p>
            <p>1990. “Laminal sibilants in Chamicuro.” In Robert A. Dooley and John Clifton (eds.), <hi rend="italic">Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session 34</hi>, 59–74. Grand Forks, ND: Summer Institute of Linguistics.</p>
            <p>**1991. <hi rend="italic">Estudios sobre la fonología del chamicuro</hi>. Serie Lingüística Peruana, 30. Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. (English title: <hi rend="italic">Studies in Chamicuro phonology</hi>.)</p>
            <p>1992. “Geminate alterability: another OCP violation.” <hi rend="italic">Linguistic Analysis</hi> 22:246–250.</p>
            <p>**1994a. <hi rend="italic">Datos adicionales del idioma chamicuro</hi>. Documento de Trabajo, 25. Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Peru: Ministerio de Educación and Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. (English title: <hi rend="italic">Additional data from the Chamicuro language</hi>.)</p>
            <p>1994b. “Laryngeal codas in Chamicuro.” <hi rend="italic">International Journal of American Linguistics </hi>60:261–271.</p>
            <p>1995. “Chamicuro laterals: a case for radical underspecification.” <hi rend="italic">Lingua</hi> 97:195–210.</p>
            <p>1998. “Notes on determiners in Chamicuro.” <hi rend="italic">Notes on Linguistics </hi>80:8–22.</p>
            <p>1999. “On the behavior of definite articles in Chamicuro.” <hi rend="italic">Language</hi> 75:552–562.</p>
            <p>2001. “Non-optimal onsets in Chamicuro: an inventory maximised in coda position.” <hi rend="italic">Phonology </hi>18:361–386.</p>
            <p>2009. “The transparency and density of phonological rule interactions.” <hi rend="italic">Linguistic Typology </hi>13:197–265.</p>
            <p>Works by David L. Payne:</p>
            <p>Obras escritas por David L. Payne:</p>
            <p>1987. “Some morphological elements of Maipuran Arawakan: agreement affixes and the genitive construction.”‭ <hi rend="italic">Language Sciences </hi>9:57–75.</p>
            <p>1991. “A classification of Maipuran (Arawakan) languages based on shared lexical retentions.” In Desmond C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey K. Pullum (eds.), <hi rend="italic">Handbook of Amazonian languages 3</hi>, 355–499. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.</p>
            <p>
               <lb/>A work by the Associated Press:</p>
            <p>Una obra escrita por la Associated Press:</p>
            <p>1999. “With world opening up, languages are losers.” <hi rend="italic">The New York Times</hi>, May 16, 17.</p>
            <p>Works by other people:</p>
            <p>Obras escritas por otras personas:</p>
            <p>Adelaar, Willem F. H. 2000. “La diversidad lingüística y la extinción de las lenguas.” In F. Queixalós and O. Renault-Lescure (eds.), <hi rend="italic">As línguas amazônicas hoje</hi>, 29–36. São Paulo: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Instituto Socioambiental, and Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. (English title: “Linguistic diversity and the extinction of languages.”)</p>
            <p rend="Biblio Entry">Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. <hi rend="Book_Title">Ethnologue: Languages of the world</hi>. Sixteenth edition. Dallas: SIL International. Online version: <ref target="http://www.ethnologue.com/">http://www.ethnologue.com/</ref>.</p>
            <p>Pozzi-Escot, Inés. 1998. <hi rend="italic">El multilingüismo en el Perú</hi>. Biblioteca de la Tradición Oral Andina no. 17. Cuzco, Peru: Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos “Bartolomé de Las Casas”, Programa de Formación en Educación Intercultural Bilingüe para los Países Andinos. (English title: <hi rend="italic">Multilingualism in Peru</hi>.)</p>
            <p>Another reference (not about Chamicuro specifically):</p>
            <p>Otra referencia (no trata del chamicuro en particular):</p>
            <p>Himmelmann, Nikolaus. 1998. “Documentary and descriptive linguistics.” <hi rend="italic">Linguistics</hi> 36:161–</p>
            <p>195.</p>
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